中国・全国運動会小史
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
In the People's Republic of China, the 5th national athletic meet will be held in September this year. The national athletic meets are similar to the people's physical training meets ; participation units are provinces, special cities (cities equivalent to provinces), autonomous districts and the liberation army; these meets are to be held once every four years and the 1ts meet was held in 1959. National athletic meets are not meets which came to be held after the establishment of the People's Republic of China; it was in the 2nd year of Itung (1910), the last period of the Ching Dynasty, that the nationwide meet was held for the first time. After the establishment of the Republic of China, the names of such meets were changed national athletic meets, and the 1st meet was held in 1914, which was followed by five meets until 1948. Due to the instability of the political situation of the nation, wars, etc., only 11 national athletic meets were held during the 73 years from 1910 to 1983. In this paper, mention is made on the history of national athletic meets. 1. Period of. Ching Dynasty In the 2nd year of Itung (1910), meets of a large scale were held in Nanking with Y.M.C.A. as a main sponsor. This athletic meet was named "the 1st Nationwide School District Squad Physical Training League" which was renamed the 1st National Athletic Meet after the establishment of the Republic of China. This meet was divided into three parts, one being the nationwide high school games, another being the middle school games and another being the six universities' games ; for the former two, the students from five districts such as Huapei, Huanan, Shanghai, Wuning (Suchou and Nanking) and Wuhan participated. The meet included four events, namely track and field, soccer, tennis and basketball, and the participants were all male, 140 in total. For the track and field, the yard and pound system was adopted. The results of the competition were : in the case of high schools, Shanghai took the 1st place ; in the case of middle schools, Huapei 1st place, and in the case of six universities, St. Yokan University 1st place, by the total points scored respectively. 2. The Period of the Republic of China The Republic of China was established in 1912, however, due to the instability of political situation, civil wars, the occupation of the territory by the Japanese army, etc., which the country suffered successively, the national athletic meets were held six times only for the 37 years until 1949. The 2nd national athletic meet is said to have been held sponsored by Peking Physical Training Meet Committee, however, the real responsible person was Mr. A. N. Huagland, an American manager of Peking Y.M.C.A. In the 2nd national athletic meet, the champions from four districts--East, West, South and North--participated in the meet; two events, namely volleyball and baseball were added newly. The north district won the victory in the total points scored in all the events. In the case of this 2nd meet, too, all the competition was taken care and progressed by foreigners, and notifications and programs were written in English. The 3rd meet was held in Wuchang in May 1924. Champions from four districts, namely Huatung, Huanan, Huapei and Huachung, competed their power ; swimming was added as a new event ; 360 champions participated in this meet; and Huapei won the victory by the total points scored in all the events. For this 3rd meet and the meets followed, the events were taken care and progressed by Chinese instead of foreigners ; the yard system was taken place by the meter system ; and women's events were adopted. The 4th meet was held in April 1930 in Kangchou; the participation units were provinces, special cities, special districts and bodies of Chinese abroad ; the number of the units participated was 22 (the body of Chinese abroad was from Kobe) ; 1,630 champions took part in this meet; and Kuangtung won the victory by the total points scored by both man and woman competitors. The 5th meet was held in Nanking in October 1933 participated by 33 units (including the two bodies from the Philippines and Dutch India) ; the number of participants was 2,248 (male--1,542 and female--706). National art of defense was added to the events for men and the same event and softball were added for women. Shanghai won the victory by the total points scored in all the events by men and women. The 6th meet was held in Shanghai in October 1935, participated by 38 units including two from Java and Malay; 2,700 champions took part in this meet and the Shanghai unit was the winner by the points scored in all the events by men and women. An exhibition was added in this shanghai meet for the first time, making the meet brilliant. The 7th meet was held in May 1948 in Shanghai participated by 55 units of 2,000 champions, including the unit of Chinese abroad, and the army and the police units. In both men and women, Hongkong won the victory by the total points scored in all the events. The number of events increased to 29, including the exhibition. 3. The People's Republic of China The People's Republic of China ruled in 1958 that national athletic meets should be held once four years. The 1st meet was held in 1959, however, due to the very poor harvest in the three consecutive years and the cultural revolution, it was in 1965 that the 2nd meet was held and in 1975 that the 3rd one was held. The 1st meeting was held in September 1959 in Peking, participated by each of the provinces, special cities and autonomous districts as well as by the liberation army ; 29 units in total covering 10,600 participants. The participants competed in 32 events, and six exhibitions were held. The 2nd meet was held in September 1965 in Peking ; 29 units of 5,900 champions from provinces, cities, autonomous districts and from the liberation army participated in the meet. The participants competed their power in 22 events, and exhibitions were held in one given arrangement. The 3rd meet was held in September 1975 in Peking ; 31 units of more than 10,000 champions from provinces (including Taiwan), special cities and autonomous districts as well as from the liberation army participated in the meet. The participants competed in 28 events, and exhibitions were displayed in four given arrangements. The 4th meet was held in September 1979 in Peking participated by 31 units (the same number of units as in the 3rd meet) of 15,144 champions. The winter event was added in this Peking meet, numbering 34 events in total. In the 1st through 4th meets, several world records and many Chinese records were established. In the national athletic meets of old China and the People's Republic of China, the records were renewed each time, and improvement was made on the facilities, therefore, it may be said that the national athletic meets have made a great contribution to the development of the sports in China.
- 慶應義塾大学の論文
著者
関連論文
- 609 大学における体育・スポーツ活動中の傷害事故に関する研究
- 終戦後における各種スポーツの推移から帰納される一般的傾向 : (1) 研究の目的・方法及びスポーツ人口の推移
- アイススケートのスキルテストの基準に関する研究 (第2報)
- 011B18 中国における格技〜搏・手搏・角抵・相撲・角力・〓〓・争交〜について(1.体育史,一般研究A)
- 013109 中国新解放区の体育とスポーツ(1.体育史,一般研究A)
- 013119 中国老解放区の体育とスポーツ(1.体育史,一般研究A)
- 我が国の大学、高専(旧制)における体操科およびスポーツの展開過程における諸問題 : 現代の大学体育問題を考える手がかりとして(体育史,専門分科会シンポジウムA)
- 013105 西欧スポーツの中国への導入と定着(1.体育史,一般研究)
- 620 学校体育事故における法的責任とその対策について(その6) : 運動部の事故の責任に関する諸問題(6.体育管理,一般研究)
- 134 中国・地区別運動会(1.体育史,一般研究)
- 620 体育・スポーツ事故とその対策について(その4) : 施設・設備の瑕疵とその管理責任
- 122 中国・全国運動会小史
- 1029 学校体育授業中の事故とその対策について (その3) : 事故の事後処理のあり方
- 131 中国に於ける社会体育・スポーツに関する法令・条例(III) : 中華人民共和国1967
- 1020 学校体育授業中の事故とその対策について(その2) : 体育事故に対する刑事責任
- 116 中国に於ける社会体育・スポーツに関する法令・条例(II) : 中華人民共和国-1949〜1966
- 240 学校体育授業中の事故とその対策について(その1)
- 125 中国に於ける社会体育・スポーツに関する法令,条例(I) : 1929年〜1945年
- 131 戦時下の中国における学校体育に対する特別措置(1937年〜1949年)
- 1011 清朝末期における女子の学校体育についての一考察(1.体育史,I.一般研究)
- 128 日本占領下・中国共産党治下(1931年〜1949年)における中国の体育とスポーツ
- 119 戦時中,戦後(1937年〜1949年)の中国(国民政府治下)の体育とスポーツ
- 中国における体育・スポーツ関係の法令 (その2) : 1928年-1945年 : 3. 体育史に関する研究
- 「アジア諸国における民族的スポーツの変遷と現状」(体育史専門分科会)
- 日本体育史資料研究とその問題点(体育原理専門分科会)
- 王朝の交代による中国体育・スポーツの変遷についての一考察
- 中国老解放区の体育とスポーツ
- 西欧スポーツの中国への導入と定着
- 中国・全国運動会小史
- 全国体育工作者会議以後の中国スポーツ界の動向
- 全国体育工作者会議以後の中国スポ-ツ界の動向
- 中華人民共和国の選手強化策
- 華国鋒体制下の中国における学校体育・スポーツの変革
- 中国における社会・経済状勢の変化が20世紀前半の中国学校教育に及ぼした影響
- 日本占領下・中国共産党治下(1931年〜1949年)における中国の体育とスポーツ
- 戦時中,戦後(1937年〜1949年)の中国(国民政府治下)の体育とスポーツ
- 中国の体育・スポーツに関する法令・条例(その2) : 中華人民共和国
- 中国の体育・スポーツに関する法令・条例(その1)
- 収回教育権の教会学校体育への影響
- 文化大革命の中華人民共和国の学校体育・スポーツへの影響(浅野均一教授定年退職記念特集号)
- 体育研究所年表
- 五・四運動の中国学校体育への影響
- 準戦時・戦時下(1931年-1945年)の中華民国学校体育への影響
- 軍国民教育思想・国家主義教育思想・軍事教育思想の中華民国の学校体育に及ぼした影響
- 清朝末期から中華民国初期における中国女子体育に対する一考察
- 大学における体育・スポーツ活動中の傷害事故に関する研究
- 大学スポーツのあり方を考える(座談会,第2特集 大学スポーツ)
- 野外活動コースの実際(座談会,第1特集・大学体育・野外活動コース)
- 座談会(保健体育の問題点-II部(夜間部))
- 大学体育を語る(座談会,大学体育を語る)
- 補償と救済制度の望ましいあり方(座談会,第1特集・災害補償と事故対策)
- 訪中の記(国内外における大学体育に関する研究活動)
- 大学体育を語る(座談会)
- 国際体育・スポーツ史東京セミナー
- 体力テストの問題点(体力テストの問題点について,体力テストの在り方をさぐる)
- 慶応義塾大学学生健康保険組合(第1特集・学生健康保険制度)
- 野外活動コース実施の変遷と現状(第1特集・大学体育・野外活動コース)
- 事故が起きたらどうするか(提言,第1特集 事故・傷害対策)
- 中国 : 6. 現代のスポーツ政策 : スポーツの大衆化をめぐって
- 中国における体育・スポーツ関係の法令(その1)(1903年-1928年) : 2. 歴史的研究
- 集会教育権運動の中国学校体育への影響 : 歴史的研究
- アジア体育セミナー(国際会議レポート)
- 清朝末期より中華民国初期の中国女子の学校体育 : 2.歴史的研究
- 外来の体育の受容過程について : ドイツ及び日本におけるスウエーデン体操の受容過程(体育史専門分科会シンポジウム)
- 中国学校体育の制度史的研究 (II) : 国民政府の中国統一から台湾移転以後現在まで
- 26. 重慶移転後の国民政府の学校体育
- 59. 中国共産党治下(中国ソビエト区・辺区)の学校体育
- 51. 中華民国「戊辰学制一民国学校法」の学校体育
- 347. 中華民国「壬戍学制」の学校体育
- 中華民国「壬子学制」の学校体育
- 中国学校体育の制度史的研究 : 清朝末期より中華民国初期
- 清朝「欽定学堂章程」, 「奏症学堂章程」の学校体育
- 清朝末期の学校体育
- 古代中国思想家の身体活動観
- 17, 18世紀の中国におけるスケート
- 中国古代の撃壤・投壺・競渡
- 中国古代の馬球(Ma-Chiu), 捶丸(Chui-Wan)
- 一貫教育と体育 その5 : 戦争の小学生の体格に及ぼした影響
- 一貫教育と体育(その4) : 高等学校以下の連動能力について
- 一貫教育と体育(その三)高等学校以下の体格並に大学の後期運動能力について
- 中華人民共和国の体育とスポーツ
- 国民政府台湾移転以後の中華民国の体育とスポーツ
- 壬戌学制発布以後中華民国政府台湾移転までの中国における体育とスポーツ
- 中華人民共和国の学校体育
- 旧満州国の体育とスポーツ
- 清朝末期(阿片戦争以後)より中華民国初期(壬戍学制発布前まで)の中国における体育とスポーツ