競争秩序とリベラルな介入主義 : ナチズムと新自由主義(大会報告・共通論題:20世紀の戦争と社会変動-経済社会秩序と国家介入-)

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This article deals with the history of neoliberal ideas for economic policy formed during the interwar period in Germany. It has long been said that the crisis of capitalism in the Great Depression of the 1930s led to Keynesian state interventionism, in which governments incorporate some elements of socialism into capitalism, and try to partially revise the principle of economic liberalism. The New Deal in the US and Nazism in Germany are both said to be typical cases of this kind of interventionism, and the latter is said to have been economically more successful. In his work on the so-called "Borchardt controversy" concerning the German economy of the 1920s, however, Charles S. Maier critically reexamined the popular opinion about the relationship between the Nazi economy and Keynesian policy, and argued that the deciding factor of the Nazi economic recovery was the recovery of flexibility in the labor market, which was achieved by lowering the high wages that had been maintained in the second half of the 1920s. Maier showed that the Nazi economic recovery can be interpreted as a process in which the economic problems pointed out by Borchardt concerning the "diseased economy" of the Weimar Republic were gradually solved. Corresponding to this kind of anti-Keynesian interpretation of German economic policy of the 1930s, the newfound concept of anti-Keynesian and neoliberal state interventionism appeared in Germany at that time. This neo economic liberalism, conceived under the key concept of "order" (Ordnung), was developed as a neoliberal economic policy oriented towards competitive order. It aimed not at revising capitalism socialistically, but at reconstructing the function of the capitalist market economy in accordance with the neoclassical price theory. In this article, the newfound option of state interventionism is examined, and the formation process of the concept is pursued from a historical viewpoint.
政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
2006-04-30

競争秩序とリベラルな介入主義 : ナチズムと新自由主義(大会報告・共通論題:20世紀の戦争と社会変動-経済社会秩序と国家介入-)

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