緩徐眼球運動と意識状態(開学20周年記念号)

概要

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The present article review the recent psychophysiological studies about slow eye movements (SEMs). The essential points of the text are as follows. 1) SEMs, as conjugate movements, are manifested by slow deflections on a pair of horizontal EOGs with opposite polarity. 2) Emphases were put on the establishment of feature extraction parameters of SEM wave form, because SEMs vary their own features momentarily. For example, SEMs get slower corresspondingly to the progress of sleep. 3) SEMs spontaneously occur during waking, NREM and REM sleep, except for slow wave sleep (SWS). There is likelyhood that the termination of SEMs would persist during SWS, contrary to Dement's expectation (1964). Transitional (ascending and descending) periods of EEG stages are the key to the changes in time course of SEMs. 4) SEM periods during stage W have been investigated in conjunction with lowered consciousness (sleepiness etc.) or hypnagogic dream-like image. Relative to this, it was discussed that stage W (waking) should be considered as a complex category, including several different and psychophysiologically defined substates: α-REM and α-SEM (Vogel, 1978), or stages W1 to W6 (Simon et al., 1977).