Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids during the Growth Cycle of Batch Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus

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Profiles of the levels and metabolism of aromatic compounds in suspension-cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus during the growth cycle were determined. The level of total protein-amino acids, i.e., sum of the amounts of amino acids in hydrolyzates of proteins, and the level of total phenolic acids increased after transfer of the cells in the stationary phase to fresh Murashige-Skoog medium. The maximum levels of the proteinamino acids and those of the phenolic acids were observed on days 3-5, and on days 6-8, respectively, when the levels were expressed per gram fresh weight. In contrast, the level of total free amino acids, i.e., the sum of the amounts of amino acids in the ethanol-soluble fraction, and the levels of phenylalanine and typosine in the cells decreased during the two days that followed transfer of the cells to fresh medium, reached a minimum during days 3-8, and then increased again. Tracer experiments using [U-^<14>C] L-phenylalanine and [U-^<14>C] L-tyrosine indicated that most of these amino acids was utilized for the synthesis of proteins and most of the remainder was used for the synthesis of phenolic acids and lignin. Phenylalanine was a much a better precursor for the biosynthesis of the phenolic compounds than was tyrosine at any stage of cell growth. Small but significant amounts of phenylalanine and tyrosine were degraded in the cells. The level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased after the transfer of cells to fresh medium and its maximum level was observed on days 3-5. The activity of tyrosine ammonia-lyase was always lower than that of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine in seedlings of Catharanthus roseus was similar to that in cultured cells. The role of phenylalanine ammonialyase in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds is discussed.
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Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids during the Growth Cycle of Batch Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus

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