PE-477 Can characteristic indices related with cardiac resynchronization therapy predict improvement of left ventricular performance?(Heart failure, clinical-8 (M) PE80,Poster Session (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanes
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
- 社団法人日本循環器学会の論文
- 2006-03-01
著者
-
Uno Kikuya
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Sakurai Seiichiro
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Tsuchihashi Kazufumi
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Shimamoto Kazuaki
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Kokubu Nobuaki
Division Of Cardiology National Cadiovascular Center
-
KOKUBU Nobuaki
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
HASHIMOTO Akiyoshi
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Yuda Satoshi
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Wakabayashi Takeru
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Yoshioka Takuji
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Nishizato Kimio
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Yuda S
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Yuda Satoshi
札幌医科大学 医学部救急･集中治療医学
-
Yuda Satoshi
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Department Of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Sapporo Medical Un
-
Muranaka Atsuko
Second Department of Internal Medicine
-
Kaneko Naofumi
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Sugimoto Ken
東北大学 臨床薬学
-
Tsuchihashi Kazufumi
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Uno Kikuya
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Uno Kikuya
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University
-
Satoh Shin-ichiro
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University
-
Kaneko Naofumi
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
HASHIMOTO Akiyoshi
Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Nishisato Kimio
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Wakabayashi Takeru
Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Nishizato Kimio
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Nishisato Kimio
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Muranaka Atsuko
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Takagawa Yoshitoki
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
-
Takagawa Yoshitoki
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Hashimoto Akiyoshi
Second Department Of Internal Medicine (cardiology) Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Tsuchihashi Kazuhumi
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Shimamoto Kazuaki
Second Department Of Internal Medicine (cardiovascular Medicine) Sapporo Medical University School O
-
Yoshioka Takuji
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University
-
Sakurai Seiichiro
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University
-
Tsuchihasi Kazufumi
The 2nd. Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical College
-
Yoshioka Takuji
Second Department Of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School Of Medicine
-
Kokubu Nobuaki
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University
関連論文
- PJ-001 FFT and Electrophysiological Analyses of Spatial Inhomogeneity of the Remodeled Left Atrium And Pulmonary Venous Ostium in Chronic Atrial Fibrillation(Arrhythmia, Diagnosis/Pathophysiology/EPS 3 (A) : PJ1)(Poster Session (Japanese))
- A Promoter Polymorphism of Lamin A/C Gene is an Independent Genetic Predisposition to Arterial Stiffness in a Japanese General Population (The Tanno and Sobetsu Study)
- PE-099 Insulin Resistance in Adolescence is Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion in Prepuberty via Inflammatory Cytokines.(Hypertension, basic(02)(H),Poster Session(English),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- FRS-094 Difference in the Cut-off Point of Extibated GFR as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Event between Elderly and Non-elderly People(Renal Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease(H),Featured Research Session,The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japa
- 3 Significance of adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and insulin sensitivity(Biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases,Roundtable Discussion 4 (RT-04) (H),Special Program,The 72nd Annual Scientific Me
- Quadricuspid aortic valve associated with aortic stenosis and regurgitation : report of a case and a review of the literature
- Visceral Obesity in Japanese Patients with Metabolic Syndrome : Reappraisal of Diagnostic Criteria by CT Scan
- PJ-642 A Polymorphism in Promoter Region of CYP4A11 Gene is Associated with a New Onset of Hypertension : the Tanno-Sobetsu Study(Hypertension, basic-3, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- Noninvasive Assessment of Left Atrial Function by Strain Rate Imaging in Patients with Hypertension : A Possible Beneficial Effect of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition on Left Atrial Function
- Effects of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms on Insulin Resistance in a Japanese General Population : The Tanno-Sobetsu Study
- Olmesartan Is an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker with an Inhibitory Effect on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
- Persistent Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Sarpogrelate Hydrochloride, a Serotonin 2A Receptor Antagonist, in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
- Long-Term Outcome of Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillators in Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest of Cardiac Origin
- FRS-094 Difference in the Cut-off Point of Extibated GFR as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Event between Elderly and Non-elderly People(Renal Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease(H),Featured Research Session,The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japa
- 3 Significance of adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and insulin sensitivity(Biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases,Roundtable Discussion 4 (RT-04) (H),Special Program,The 72nd Annual Scientific Me
- FRS-094 Difference in the Cut-off Point of Extibated GFR as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Event between Elderly and Non-elderly People(Renal Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease(H),Featured Research Session,The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japa
- 3 Significance of adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and insulin sensitivity(Biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases,Roundtable Discussion 4 (RT-04) (H),Special Program,The 72nd Annual Scientific Me
- Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Vasospastic Angina (Coronary Spastic Angina) (JCS 2008) : Digest Version
- Increased Serum Apolipoprotein B48 Concentration in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
- PJ-632 Prognostic Value of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction(PJ106,Nuclear Cardiology (Others) (I),Poster Session (Japanese),The 73rd Annual Scientific Meeting of The Japanese Ci
- PJ-623 Alterations in Intra-atrial Electromechanical Delay and Left Atrial Function in Healthy Overweight Subjects : A Study of Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging(PJ105,Echo/Doppler (Others) 2 (I),Poster Session (Japanese),The 73rd Annual Scientific
- PJ-353 Feasibility, Reproducibility and Clinical Impact of Measurements of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Left Atrial Volume Using Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography(PJ060,Echo/Doppler (New Technology) 4 (I),Poster Session (Japanese),The
- DPJ-003 Risk Assessment with ST-elevation in Inferior Leads by Drug Load Examination in Patient with Brugada Syndrome(DPJ01,Arrhythmia, Others (Clinical/Diagnosis/Treatment) 1 (A),Digital Poster Session (Japanese),The 73rd Annual Scientific Meeting of The
- OJ-219 Relationship between Left Ventricular Geometry and Systolic Function of Longitudinal, Radial and Circumferential Directions in Patients with Hypertension(OJ37,Echo/Doppler (Myocardium) (I),Oral Presentation (Japanese),The 73rd Annual Scientific Mee
- 4 On-going Japanese Clinical Trials for Hypertension II : Seeking for More Effective Pharmacological Treatment(ESC-JCS Joint Symposium (ESC-JCS Joint Symposium) (H) Evidence-Based Medical Treatment of Hypertension,Special Program,The 72nd Annual Scientifi
- Variation in OSBPL10 is associated with dyslipidemia
- Impact of Body Mass Index on In-Hospital Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Weekend Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction Does Not Have a Negative Impact on Outcome in Japan
- Surveillance study for creating the national clinical database relating to ECG-gated myocardial perfusion SPECT of asymptomatic ischemic heart disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus : J-ACCESS 2 study design
- The Optimal Target Blood Pressure for Antihypertensive Treatment in Japanese Elderly Patients with High-Risk Hypertension : A Subanalysis of the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) Trial
- Blood Pressure Control in Japanese Hypertensives with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- OJ-139 Quantitative Assessment of Left Atrial Function in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation by Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging(OJ24,Echo/Doppler (Others) (I),Oral Presentation (Japanese),The 73rd Annual Scientific Meeting of The Japane
- OJ-113 Immediate Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation can Provide Better Neurological Outcomes in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest(OJ19,Cardiopulmonary and Critical Care/ACLS (H),Oral Presentation (Japanese),The 73rd Annual Scientific
- PJ-896 Prognostic Value of Renal Function in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction(Kidney / Renal circulation(08)(H),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PJ-603 Lead Defects in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators during Long-Term Follow-up(Arrhythmia, therapy(21)(A),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PJ-544 Clinical implications of resting myocardial perfusion abnormality in patients with multiple coronary risk factors without significant coronary artery stenosis(Nuclear cardiology(09)(I),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of
- PJ-156 Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: A long-term prospective prognostic study(Nuclear cardiology(07)(I),Poster Session(Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulatio
- OJ-265 Mild Hypothermia can Provide Better Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest(Emergency care/CPR(02)(H),Oral Presentation (Japanese),The 72nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- Response to : Noninvasive Assessment of Left Atrial Function by Strain Rate Imaging in Patients with Hypertension : A Possible Beneficial Effect of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition on Left Atrial Function
- PJ-547 Combined Assessment of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Myocardial Perfusion can Predict Lethal Cardiac Events in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy(Nuclear cardiology-6, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Societ
- PJ-091 Assessment of Longitudinal, Radial and Circumferential Systolic and Diastolic Strain Rates and Dyssynchrony in Patients with Non-ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy(Echo/Doppler-13, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society
- OJ-163 Re-degradation of Left Ventricular Function After Resuscitation May Become an Early Index of Neurological Recovery in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest(Emergency care-2, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- OJ-076 Assessment of Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Function by Strain Rate Imaging in Diabetic Patients with and without Hypertension(Echo / Doppler-04, The 71st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- Comparison of Long-Term Clinical Outcome After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients With and Without Hemodialysis
- Long-Term Nitrate Therapy After Acute Myocardial Infarction Does not Improve or Aggravate Prognosis
- Sex Differences in Early Mortality of Patients Undergoing Primary Stenting for Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Beneficial Effect of Preinfarction Angina on In-Hospital Outcome is Preserved in Elderly Patients Undergoing Coronary Intervention for Anterior Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Effects of Glucose Abnormalities on In-Hospital Outcome After Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction
- PE-593 Role of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid on Impaired Renal Hemodynamics in Fructose-fed Rats(Kidney/Renal circulation-3 (H) PE104,Poster Session (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- OJ-449 Electrophysiological Effects of Nifekalant against Atrial Flutter Reentrant Circuit : Relationship with the Right Atrial Anatomical Architecture by 2D/3D-intracardiac Echocardiography(Arrhythmia, Pharmacological Therapy 5 (A) : OJ55)(Oral Presentat
- High-dose dobutamine stress TI-201/I123-BMIPP dual SPECT identifies cumulatively damaged myocardial metabolism caused by repetitive episodes of demand ischemia
- Studies on left main trunk related myocardial infarction
- Troponin T is closely related to myocardial perfusion and metabolic damages in patients presenting with chest pain in emergency room
- Detection of critical electrophysiological conduction pathway of superior vena cava - right atrial junction guided by three dimensional intracardiac echocardiography
- Fluctuation of ventricular repolarization abnormality can predict continuity of ventricular fibrillation induced by direct current shock in implanted cardioverter-defibrillator patients
- Gender-, tracer-, and stress mode-related differences in quantitative data derived from gated SPECT in a normal Japanese population
- Delayed Onset of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With an Appetite Suppressant, Mazindol : A Case Report
- Long-Term Outcome After Primary Stenting Versus Balloon Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction : Five-year Follow-up of a Case-control Study
- Impaired Exercise-Related Myocardial Uptake of Technetium-99m-Tetrofosmin in Relation to Coronary Narrowing and Diabetic State : Assessment with Quantitative Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
- Right Bundle Branch Block and Coved-Type ST-Segment Elevation Mimicked by Acute Cholecystitis
- OJ-016 Assessment of Age-related Changes of Left Ventricular Function in Healthy Subjects : A Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging(Echo/Doppler-3 (I) OJ3,Oral Presentation (Japanese),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circu
- OJ-015 Assessment of Left Ventricular Longitudinal, Radial and Circumferential Strain Rates in Patients with Hypertension : A Two-dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging Study(Echo/Doppler-3 (I) OJ3,Oral Presentation (Japanese),The 70th Anniversary Annual Sc
- Early Defibrillation and Circulatory Support Can Provide Better Long-Term Outcomes Through Favorable Neurological Recovery in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest of Cardiac Origin
- Impact of Abnormal Glucose Tolerance, Hypertension and Other Risk Factors on Coronary Artery Disease
- Prediction of the Need for an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator by Using Cardiac Function and Sympathetic Nerve Imaging with Metaiodobenzylguanidine
- Cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine defect at an early post-injection indicates a high probability of cardiac death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
- Identification of high-risk coronary patients by ejection fraction response and transient schemic dilatation (TID) quantified by stress gated SPECT
- State of Art in Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning, Takotsubo Cardiomyopthy : Is the Exaggerated Sympathetic Stimulation only the Etiological base(Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy : Clinical Characteristics and Their Pathogenesis, The 71st Annual Scient
- 4 Indication and Efficacy of Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support For Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest(Symposium 6 (SY6) (IHD) : Treatment for CPA : Improving the Current Status?)(Special Program)
- Decreased Safety Factor in the Low Voltage Zone Evoked by Pilsicainide is Critical for Spontaneous Termination of Atrial Reentrant Tachycardia(Arrhythmia, Pharmacological Therapy 1 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Societ
- Modulated Low Voltage Zone Can Provide Dynamic Conversion of Unmappable Atrial Tachycardia by Enhancing a Safety Factor(Arrhythmia, Diagnosis/Pathophysiology/EPS 10 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- PJ-010 Dynamic Conversion of Atrial Flutter by Pilsicainide Studied by a Noncontact 3D Mapping in the Canine Right Atrial Incision Model(Arrhythmia, Diagnosis/Pathophysiology/EPS 4 (A): PJ2)(Poster Session (Japanese))
- OE-113 Ligament of Marshall Can Contributes to Trigger and Driver of Atrial Fibrillation(Arrhythmia, therapy-2 (A) OE19,Oral Presentation (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- OE-039 Critical Ablation Site for Maintenance of Atrial Fibrillation During Electrogram-guided Antrum-Pulmonary Vein Isolation-Fast Fourier Transform Analysis of Atrial Fibrillation(Arrhythmia, therapy-1 (A) OE7,Oral Presentation (English),The 70th Annive
- Determinants to Establish Non-self Terminated Ventricular Fibrillation of Brugada Syndrome Comparing with Heart Disease by Time-domain Frequency Analysis(Arrhythmia, Non-pharmacological Therapy 8 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Cir
- Heterogeneous Electrical Organization of Pulmonary Vein Ostium is Critical for Atrial Fibrillation Maintenance by FFT Analysis during Pulmonary Venous Isolation(Arrhythmia, Non-pharmacological Therapy 7 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japan
- High Density Distribution of Pulmonary Vein Antrum Potentials in Left Atrial Free Wall is Responsible for Left Atrium-Pulmonary Vein Connection(Arrhythmia, Non-pharmacological Therapy 1 (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation S
- Utility of Electrical Isolation of Arrhythmogenic Superior Vena Cava Guided by Antrum Potential-like Potential Recorded in the Upper Right Atrium(Non-pharmacological Therapy of Arrhythmia (A), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation
- Relationship between Fluctuation of Autonomic Nerve Response and Ventricular Repolarization Abnormality during Direct Shock Delivery in ICD Patients
- Focal Myocardial Arrhythmogenic Substrates Detected in Brugada Syndrome Can Contribute to Characteristic Propagating Mode of Induced Ventricular Fibrillation
- The anatomical architecture is a critical determinant for atrial flutter reentrant circuit : Studies of electrophysiological properties and intracardiac echocardiography
- PE-477 Can characteristic indices related with cardiac resynchronization therapy predict improvement of left ventricular performance?(Heart failure, clinical-8 (M) PE80,Poster Session (English),The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanes
- OJ-350 Qantitative Assessment of Right Ventricular Structural Abnormalities in Right Ventricle-originated Tachycardia and Brugada Syndrome by Right Ventricular Myocardial Scintigraphy(Arrhythmia, diagnosis/pathophysiology/EPS-4 (A) OJ59,Oral Presentation
- FRS-037 Predicting Cardiac Event Risk by Combined Assessment of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Myocardial Perfusion in Patients with ICD(Advances in Nuclear Cardiology-2 (I) FRS8,Featured Research Session,The 70th Anniversary Annual Scientific Mee
- Simultaneous Evaluations of Visceral-fat and Abdominal Aortic Calcification by Multi-slice X-ray Computed Tomography for Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese (X-ray/CT/MRI/DSA 8 (I), The 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society)
- Orally Administered Nicorandil Can Affect Left Ventricular Geometry at Chronic Phase of Myocardial Infarction : Assessment with ECG-gated Myocardial Perfusion Imaging(Acute Myocardial Infarction, Clinical (Diagnosis/Treatment) 2 (IHD), The 69th Annual Sci
- PJ-518 Quantitative Assessment of Left Atrial Function Using Strain Rate Imaging(Echo/Doppler 15 (I) : PJ87)(Poster Session (Japanese))
- PJ-140 Quantitative Assessment of Regional Diastolic Function by Strain Rate Imaging : Relationship between Regional and Global Left Ventricular Diastolic Function(Echo/Doppler 1 (I) : PJ24)(Poster Session (Japanese))
- PJ-042 Prediction of Implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock by using cardiac function and metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging(Nuclear Cardiology 3 (I) : PJ7)(Poster Session (Japanese))
- Usefulness of Multipolar Body Surface Mapping to Stratify a Risk of Fetal Arrhythmia in Patients with Brugada Syndrome
- Limitations of spontaneous reperfusion and conventional medical therapy to afford myocardial protection through antecedent angina pectoris in acute myocardial infarction
- A CASE OF CONGENITAL LEFT VENTRICULAR DIVERTICULUM WITH PULMONARY STENOSIS AND ITS SCINTIGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Renal Amyloidosis and Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
- ST-shift augmentation altered by sodium channel blocking agent can indicate arrhythmogenic right ventricular substrate in Brugada syndrome
- Prognostic implications of left atrial dilation evaluated by echocardiographic volume in patients with normal left atrial antero-posterior dimensions
- Utility of Serum Ratio of Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein to Myoglobin for Cardiac Damage Regardless of Renal Dysfunction
- Does Right Ventricular Function Associate with Elevated Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients Hemodialysis Patients with Preserved Left Ventricular Function?
- Effect of Intravenous Propranolol on Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning Without Coronary Artery Stenosis (Ampulla Cardiomyopathy) : Three Cases
- Impaired myocardial accumulation of 15-(p-iodophenyl)-9-(R,S)-methyl-pentadecanoic acid in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and exercise-induced ischemia due to vasospasm
- Early Positive Biomarker in Relation to Myocardial Necrosis and Impaired Fatty Acid Metabolism in Patients Presenting With Acute Chest Pain at an Emergency Room