「保育者」言説の変遷 : 厚生労働白書の分析から

概要

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In the previous research on childcare workers and changing trends, the social position of childcare workers has been discussed based on legal and childcare policy as "childcare workers' history." However, for a thorough analysis of the social position of childcare workers, it is inadequate to simply obtain data from law and childcare policy. These public sectors base their image of childcare on the governmental perspective. It is more suitable to call this "history of childcare worker image" than "childcare workers' history." Consequently, this paper analyzes the "childcare worker image," namely the discourses regarding childcare workers that are behind the law or childcare policy from the Annual Reports on Health and Welfare. As a result of analysis, the Annual Reports compare domestic childcare with that provided by childcare workers. It turns out that discourse on childcare workers reached a point of transition around 1989. In the first period (1951-1965), mothers were considered to supersede the role of childcare workers. In the second period (1966-1988), the status of the mother seemed to be roughly equivalent to that of childcare laborers. However, since 1989 the position of childcare workers has been considered to surpass that of mothers. This transition arose from the changed view of gender roles held by the government that was brought about by the "1.57 Shock" from birthrate statistics.
2004-03-31