Phosphorus Sorption-Desorption Characteristics of Selected Acid Upland Soils in Indonesia (Soil Chemistry and Mineralogy)

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Phosphorus (P) sorption-desorption isotherms were studied in several acid upland soils developed from different parent materials in Indonesia. The soils varied in their chemical and physical properties. P sorption characteristics were satisfactorily described by the Langmuir equation, which was used to determine P sorption maxima and bonding energies. The soils varied widely in their capacity to sorb P. P sorption maxima ranged from 0.294 to 1.43×10^3 mg P kg^<-1> (mean 0.620×10^3 mg P kg^<-1>) and bonding energies ranged from 0.64 to 9.00 L mg^<-1> (mean 3.42 L mg^<-1>). The standard P requirements (P sorbed at 0.2 mg P L^<-1>) ranged from 35 to 909 mg P kg^<-1> (mean 231 mg P kg^<-1>). Parent materials affected the P sorption maxima and bonding energies. Soils developed from andesite and volcanic ash exhibited significantly higher P sorption maxima and bonding energies with a larger variability than the soils developed from sedimentary rock and volcanic sediments. Principal component analysis demonstrated that three principal components in Indonesian acid upland soils influenced P sorption, namely oxide-related factor (aluminum (Al) plus 1/2 iron (Fe) (by ammonium oxalate), crystalline Al and Fe oxides, cation exchange capacity, and clay content), acidity plus 1.4 nm mineral-related factor (exchangeable Al and 1.4 nm minerals) and organic carbon (C)-related factor (organic C and organically bound Fe). Stepwise regression demonstrated that the oxide-related factor was the main component actively contributing to P sorption maxima and bonding energies in these acid soils. It was demonstrated that the acidity plus 1.4 nm mineral-related factor led to the decrease of P sorption maxima. The organic C-related factor did not influence the P sorption maxima but decreased the P bonding energies. The results suggested that not only Al and Fe oxides but also soil acidity which is associated with exchangeable Al and 1.4 nm minerals of which smectite and vermiculite are common, should be included in models to estimate P sorption maxima in Indonesian acid upland soils. Furthermore, organic C content and organically bound Fe should be included in the models to estimate P bonding energies. Extraction with 0.01 mol L^<-1> CaCl_2 led to a low soil desorbability of sorbed P (<5%) and the desorbability was highly significantly correlated with the bonding energies during sorption.
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Phosphorus Sorption-Desorption Characteristics of Selected Acid Upland Soils in Indonesia (Soil Chemistry and Mineralogy)

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