感覚運動統合における大脳皮質活動の定量的解析(2部運動の調節)

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The central nervous mechanisms by which sensory input becomes associated with motor output can be termed sensory-motor integration, and this plays an important role in the adaptive behavior of animals. We have attempted to describe the neural mechanisms of sensory-motor integration by which behaviorally relevant sensory input is translated to the motor activity necessary for the execution of a movement. We have investigated the neuronal basis of this translation process in part of a neuronal network for linking sensory input to motor output, i. e., S 1, area 5, area 6, and area 4. Single neuron activity was recorded in these four cortical areas during the performance of a task in which a monkey received a brief vibratory stimulus to either the fingers or the thumb and had to respond with an isometric force change with the stimulated digit/s. Data were also recorded when the monkey did not respond to the cue (no response trials). Quantitative methods of data analysis were used to characterize the temporal organization of changes in neuronal activity in the different cortical areas. A method of analysis was developed to estimate the timing of the different peaks in activity of each neuron using an estimation of the probability of spike occurrence and a non-linear template matching procedure. The variance ratio of two time periods-onset of stimulus to a peak in activity and peak activity to the onset of movement-was used as an index of the functional significance of the peak in activity on a sensory to motor gradient. When the behavioral response did not follow presentation of the tactile cue, there was still a change in activity of S 1 neurons, whereas the pattern of change in activity in area 5 neurons and area 6 neurons in no-response trials was modified compared to the pattern in response trials. There was no change in activity for area 4 neurons during no-response trials. The distribution of timing of peak activity in the different cortical areas showed that there was an overall sequential order. Initial peaks in activity were observed first in S 1 and area 5 neurons, then in the activity of area 6 neurons. Around the onset of the behavioral response, there were peak activities in area 4 neurons and a second peak in the activity of area 6 neurons. After the onset of the behavioral response, again, there were peaks in the activity of area 5 and S 1 neurons. Although there was a large overlap in the distribution of variance ratio for the different cortical areas, many of the initial peaks of activity in S 1, area 5 and 6 neurons were functionally interpreted as being "sensory" where-as the peak activity in area 4 and the second peaks in activity of area 6 neurons were interpreted as being "motor". On the basis of the variance ratio data, the activity of some area 6 neurons appeared to be functionally between these "sensory" and "motor" groups. There were slight differences in the timing and variance ratio of the peaks in activity of area 5 and S 1 neurons that occurred after the behavioral response. This late activity in area 5 may have been due to an efferent copy from area 6, whereas that in S 1 was most likely due to sensory feedback from the periphery evoked by the behavioral response. Based on the results of a combined qualitative and quantitative analysis, we propose that area 5 and area 6 integrate sensory information and motor information in the cerebral cortex during the performance of sensory-motor tasks.
バイオメカニズム学会の論文
1994-08-10

感覚運動統合における大脳皮質活動の定量的解析(2部運動の調節)

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感覚運動統合における大脳皮質活動の定量的解析(2部 運動の調節)

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感覚運動統合における大脳皮質活動の定量的解析(2部運動の調節)