異文化理解における複眼的思考 : 日韓文化の同質性と異質性を中心に(横田禎昭教授退職記念特集)
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The relationship between Korea and Japan can be viewed as an example of the American idiom, "So close, yet so far." Their differences are not just due to the memory of Japanese colonialism, but also to distinct cultural differences that are often overlooked. For example, while the traditional clothes worn by Koreans and Japanese are similar in that they are difficult to wear and work in (especially in comparison to Western clothes), and also similar in terms of material, they are very different in that Koreans prefer two-piece outfits whereas Japanese prefer one-piece clothing. Also, Koreans are concerned with color schemes and curved lines in contrast to the Japanese emphasis on picturesque formats and straight lines. Both Koreans and Japanese view rice as a staple, to be eaten with vegetable, meat, and fish side dishes. But Koreans prefer experiencing food with their bodies and tongues, while Japanese rely more on their eyes and noses. Members of both cultures eat Chinese cabbage and radish, but Koreans prefer spicy kimchi compared to the blander Japanese oshinko. They both like spices, with the Koreans favoring hot pepper over Japanese wasabi. Traditional houses of Korea and Japan are made from a combination of wood and either straw or tiles. In both countries, people sit on the floor and take off their shoes before entering a house, but Koreans prefer their ondol (heated floors) to unheated Japanese tatami mats. The former prefer single-story houses with low roofs, low ceiling, and small windows; the latter have preference two-story houses with high roofs, high ceiling, and big windows. Other aspects of the two cultures reflect the opposite ways of thinking. In Korea, people walk on the left and cars travel on the right-exactly the opposite to what one finds in Japan. After taking off their shoes, Koreans point them toward the side of a house, but Japanese point them to the outside. Furthermore, a Korean table arrangement places a spoon and metal chopsticks in a vertical direction, but Japanese arrange their half-split wood chopsticks horizontally. I do not want to argue that one culture is superior to the other, but I do want to emphasize the importance of recognizing, understanding, and respecting differences. Humans have a tendency to believe that people in other cultures must naturally think and feel the same as they do -clearly a source of misunderstanding during interactions with visitors from foreign cultures. Therefore, we should strive to avoid looking at foreign countries, races and cultures in terms of our own, and instead try to understand them as they are. These are the compound eyes with which we can best understand foreign cultures and international relationships.
- 2003-03-28
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