官僚制論の変遷とネットワーク組織

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概要

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• Some consider bureaucracies-in their most and technically efficient form-as an ideal type of organization. However, many unforeseen dysfunctions are embedded in bureaucratic structures. Many researchers of bureaucracies study these dysfunctions in terms of system integration theories that emphasize the goal-oriented activities of organizations. In contrast, researchers such P. M. Blau argue that it is necessary to use organizational structures that match the needs of various types of human relations. Adherents of "anti-bureaucracy theory" favor the making of radical corrections to common bureaucracies. For instance, W. G. Bennis argued that in favor of changing many organizational structures from hierarchical to organic-adaptive. Bennis also assumed that human-oriented systems are based on values of trust, consensus, and communication among members of any organization, and that the best collaborations are among the members specialists who are given maximum selfautonomy. He also believed that leaders should not be too focused on managing or controlling their subordinates, but instead on coordinating the actions of coworkers and their projects. He took into consideration the communicative rationality required for greater understanding among the members of organizations. F.C. Thayer presented a clear picture of "non-hierarchical society" when arguing for the abolition of the hierarchy principle. He imagined a society made up of small-groups would naturally be uncertain because they would be opened to members and non-members alike to participate in more than one organization at the same time. Interpersonal relationships would be formed on the basis of peer respect and partnerships, in which individuals would not submit to one another, but reach agreement and understanding through communication. Such a system would neither disempowers members nor concentrate power in the hands of a small group of managers. In short, the emphasis of bureaucracy theory needs to be placed not on goal-oriented activities alone, but also on the communicative actions of an organization's members. In this paper, I will search for signs of change from goal-achievement to communicative theory in several bureaucratic organizations.

著者

• 朴 容寛

  島根県立大学総合政策学部

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