SCALE EFFECT OF A SHALLOW CIRCULAR ANCHOR IN DENSE SAND

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This study evaluates the scale effect observed in the behavior of a shallow anchor in dense sand, by comparing a conventional 1 g model test with a finite element analysis. The model tests were performed in h/D=1,2 and 3 (h : depth, D : anchor diameter). Flat circular 0.5 cm thick steel plates with D of 3 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm were used as circular anchors. The finite element analysis employed a constitutive model in which non-associated strain hardeningsoftening elasto-plastic material was assumed and the effect of shear band thickness was introduced. The finite element analysis was available to predict the anchor uplift capacity. The scale effect was observed by both theoretical and experimental results. The scale effect was remarkable with increase in h/D. The cause of the scale effect was considered due to progressive failure with shear banding. Comparing with the results of centrifugal tests, scale effect was remarkable on a conventional 1 g test in case of h/D=3. The propagation of shear band and the domain attaining the residual strength condition in the sand mass with increase in D were remarkable at h/D=3. The different trend of the scale effect observed in the conventional 1 g test and the centrifugal test was attributed to a particle size effect due to progressive failure.
1998-06-15