13. New Measuring Method of Three Dimensional Welding Residual Stresses Based on Newly Proposed Principle of Inherent Strain

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In the first place, a theoretical study was made on the features of the general measuring principle in which section forces are dealt as parameters and on which the existing measuring methods are based. By this principle, observation errors may reduce greatly the accuracy of estimated residual stresses, since the nature of elastic response relations between two points becomes rapidly worse and is hardly improved if the distance increases. To solve this problem, the authors proposed for the first time the new general measuring principle in which sources of generation of residual stresses, (inherent strains), are dealt as parameters for measurement. Based on this newly proposed principle, the basic theory is formulated by using the finite element method and generalized by the statistic theory. Furthermore, for measurement of three dimensional residual stresses in long welded joints in which their inherent strains can be considered constant along the weld line, the basic measuring theory can be simplified by using the characteristic of the distribution of their inherent strains. According to this theory, three dimensional inherent strains can be divided into two sets of components. One set is contained in the sliced cross section of the weld line and the other is the longitudinal inherent strains contained in sliced plates parallel to the welded joint. This separation of the inherent strains makes the problem simplified to a great extent because measurement of three dimensional residual stresses would be substantially transformed to that of two dimensional residual stresses. Then, the measurement of three dimensional welding residual stresses has become practically possible. The new general principle is based on the theory of elasticity and the basic theory is developed within this framework. Then, by the newly developed measuring method, accurate residual stress distribution should be obtained from the theoretical point of view. An experiment was performed for measurement of three dimensional residual stresses in a real multipass welded joint and it was seen that the new measuring method is very useful for measurement of complex internal residual stresses induced in such welded joints and that the measured residual stress distribution is reliable.
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13. New Measuring Method of Three Dimensional Welding Residual Stresses Based on Newly Proposed Principle of Inherent Strain

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