<Review>Exrcise and Free Radical Generation : The Role of and the Impact on Mitochondria

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LLJI, Exrcise and Free Radical Generation - The Role of and the Impact on Mitochondria - Adv. Exerc. Sports Physiol., Vol.6, No.3 pp67-74, 2000. Reactive pxygen species (ROS) are produced in normal cell life. Under physiological conditions mitochondrial electron transport chain is a major source of ROS and represents only a minute portion of total mitochondrial oxygen consumption. During strenuous aerobic exercise ROS production is increaed in skeletal muscle; however, quantiative contribution of mitochondria to the elevated ROS is not yet clear. Variou forms of oxidative damage have been observed in the mitochondria as a result of intense exercise including lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation. distrubance of redox status, and inactivation of nezymes. These biochemical modifications can potentially lead to functional deterioration of mitochondrrial energy production such as respiratory defects and uncoupling, as shown in isolated mitochondria exposed to oxidants in vitro. However, these effects have not been confirmed in vivo studies using animal or human muscle. Chronic training has been shown to enhance mitochondridal resistance to oxidative stress, possibly due to antioxidant enzyme adaptation. However, excessive training may pose harm to the mitochondria as it disturbs cellular prooxidant-antioxidant balance.
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