Effects of Microwave Irradiation on Enzymatic Susceptibility of Crystalline Cellulose : Microwave Irradiation of Lignocellulosic Materials (V).

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We compared the usefulness of various treatments in the enzymatic saccharification of microwave-irradiated crystalline cellulose (Whatman CF11). The variations include the extent of enzymatic saccharification, the treatment temperature suitable for enzymatic saccharification, and the effects of acetic acid, lignin, and monomeric lignin model compounds on the extent of enzymatic saccharification. The effects of microwave irradiation alone were evaluated. When cellulose suspended in water was heated above 180℃, partial acid hydrolysis was found to occur. The extent of hydrolysis increased with an increase in temperature but did not exceed 3% even at 235℃, where 0.03 meq of acid and cello-oligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 6 as well as glucose were produced. Although the presence of acetic acid increased the reducing sugar production by a factor of 2.2-3.8,lignin did not induce degradation of cellulose.The extent of enzymatic saccharification of cellulose was greatly enhanced by microwave irradiation pretreatment in the presence of water above 220℃ and reached 43.2% at 240℃ at cellulose and enzyme concentrations of 2.0% and 0.2%, respectively. The presence of acetic acid facilitated the enzymatic susceptibility and the extent of saccharification reached 69.2% at 240℃. Lignin also facilitated the enzymatic susceptibility but its action was limited to temperatures below 200℃, above which lignin inhibited enzymatic attack. THe enhancement of the enzymatic susceptibility by lignin was further promoted by the addition of acetic acid. In this case the maximal extent of saccharification was 41.5% at 200℃, indicating that the temperature needed to reach 42-43% saccharification could be lowered for 40℃ by a synergistic effect between lignin and acetic acid. Combinations of acetic acid and monomeric lignin model compounds also show synergistic effects. However, lignin model compounds did not inhibit the enzyme reaction above 200℃ in contrast to the case of lignin. An unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond in the substituent of benzene ring seems to be important in the synergistic effect, while phenolic hydroxyl groups are of minor importance.
社団法人日本生物工学会の論文
1985-12-25

Effects of Microwave Irradiation on Enzymatic Susceptibility of Crystalline Cellulose : Microwave Irradiation of Lignocellulosic Materials (V).

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