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The purpose of this study is to clarify a tremendous role the reformed monasticism played during the formation of feudal society through the aid of a necrology of the Cluniac priory, Munchenwiler, that is the most extensive of all the medieval necrologies. We have reached the following conclusions : 1)Necrology was a monastic register for mutual intercession of the monks. In the High Middle Ages, almost all the Benedictine monks were elevated to priesthood and they formed a privileged group consisting of men of prayer (oratores). 2)The monks' raison d'etre was to intercede for lay patrons. They were enrolled in Cluny's Book of Life (Liber Vitae) and commemorated in the elaborate and extended Cluniac liturgy. 3)Reformed monasticism became an accelarating element of the downfall of the Carolingian monarchy. Through the contract of precaria with monastic establishments, there arose increasingly two separate classes, that is, warriors (bellatores) and peasants (laboratores). Furthermore the cooperation of new nobility and reformed monasticism brought about the disintegration of territories of the old monasteries (Saint-Germain-des-Pres, Saint Bertin and Saint Denis etc. ...) and undermined the administrative unit of the Carolingian Empire, namely, pagus (=dioecesis). 4)The emergence of new corps d'Elite, namely, a body of men of prayer came to secularize the traditional sacredness of the king. In France, the secular and spiritual power had been actually separated by the first half of the eleventh century. This de facto distinction between the secular (temporalia) and religious power (spiritualia), we might say, decided the character of the French Investiture Controversy.
財団法人史学会の論文
1980-04-20

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