幼児における生活時間の構造
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概要
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What properties does children's time concept have in the preschool age? Young children's time concept may include a concrete, sequential structure based on their everyday activities from morning to night. In this paper I examined the psycohological reality of that 'life time' structure, utilizing theories and experimental paradigms of 'script' research. In the 1st experiment, 35 young children(4;4-6;2)described their everyday activities. Fourteen main events were identified. These events might be regarded as core events of 'life time script'. In the 2nd experiment using 32 four-and five-year-olds as subjects, first, the result of the 1st experiment was replicated. Second, the children told how "a friend in the same nursery school" spent his/her time from morning to night. The result was almost the same as when they described their own life, decreasing only in the number of described events. Third, the children were presented a simple story about everyday events. They recalled more script-based events and inferred more scriptally important events not actually presented in the original story. Fourty five four-to six-year-olds participated in the 3rd experiment. First, the result of the story realled in the 2nd experiment was replicated. Second, the children arranged in the right order, randomly presented, fifteen picture cards each depicting a main everyday event. The experimenter pointed the getting-out-of-bed card as a staring point in the first trial, and the going-to-nursery-school card in the second. The second trial was more difficult than the first. Older children arranged better than younger children in the second trial. Six-yean-old children performed almost parfectly. Through these experiments, the evidence was that young children structured their everyday activities according to 'life time script'. This life time script held several main events as core. These events had a certain sequential nature, especially cyclical, peculiar to time concept. It was also found that young children use the life time script in various inferences, for example, when they infer a friend's everyday life or recall a simple story concerning everyday events.
- 日本教育心理学会の論文
- 1982-09-30
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