逸脱論の視角-原因論から過程論へ-
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This paper has two main purposes. The first is to consider their explanations and interpretations of the cause of deviant behavior which educational sociologists in Japan have been giving. The second is to consider their comments on Proposition B of labelling theory: Labelling produces deviance and deviant behavior. First of all, in examining how the etiological approach has discussed the 'cause' of deviant behavior, I point out that selections and interpretations of deviant factors by using the method of statistics have a tendency to fall into the rite of preestablished harmony in order to confirm their schema and background hypothesis. Furthermore,in the process of selective sanctions, informations about deviant person's personality and family background which are generally regarded as causes of deviant behavior could be used as vocabularies of causes to explain and justify the treatment of a deviant person. Therefore, the scientific knowledge about causes of deviant behavior which the etiological approach produces functions as forming or confirming social member's typified knowledge about the quasi-theory of delinquency. And when we regard a social act or phenomenon as problematic and decide how to treat that problem, we apply the typified knowledge about causes of deviant behavior. Through these processes, empirically observable 'deviant behavior' would be constructed. Secondary, I consider two types of critiques on Proposition B. One type asserts that labelling would not be causes of deviant behavior from the etiological perspective. Second type criticizes that Proposition B is determinism and insists that it is not formal labelling by official powef but informal labelling by significant others that operates very powerfully upon the formation or transformation of self-identity. However, from the interactionist perspective, we must suspend our judgement on whether proposition B would be true or not, and state positively two following points. (1) The application of labelling itself manifests that we understand the actor applied deviant label as a person who forms a deviant identity. (2) The insistence on informal labelling would be in danger of neglecting a basic cognition of labelling theory that "differences in the ability to make rules and apply them to other people are essentially power differentials." (Becker, H. S., Outsiders, 1973, P. 17.)
- 日本教育社会学会の論文
- 1990-10-05
著者
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