近代日本における中等教育機会

概要

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There seems to be two opposite views on the relationship between social class and educational opportunity in modern Japan. The one emphasizes that Japanese education was very "class bound", and the other denies it. These views are common in that they are assumptions which lack sufficient empirical data to confirm their points. This paper attempts to verify these assumptions, concentrating on the opportunity to the secondary schools. We have presented and analysed four groups of unpublished data concerning the distribution of the secondary school pupils by social background. They are; (A) Enrollment ratio and level of primary school by fathers' occupation (1883-1891); (B) Fathers' status (the samurai class or not) of the secondary school pupils (1886-1898); (C) Fathers' occupation of secondary school entrants (1904-1939); and (D). Types of post-primary schools in which ordinary primary school graduates in 1936 were enrolled. We can conclude that the educational opportunity in modern Japan was actually open to the comparatively lower class. It most be remembered that lowest 25% in terms of family income were almost perfectly shut out from access to secondary education. In this sense, both of the assumptions suffer from lack of perspective.
日本教育社会学会の論文
1967-10-08