Characteristics of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)-Degrading Microorganisms Isolated from Different Soils

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More than 8 different 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria were isolated from a mineral soil (Anjo) and an Ando soil (Ibaraki) which were enriched by perfusion with 2,4-D, and their morphological and physiological characteristics were compared. These degraders that were isolated using the mineral agar plate were classified into 4 groups according to the shape and color of their colonies, of which 2 major groups accounted for 90% of the total degraders. Using the nutrient broth agar medium, 6-7 groups of the degraders were obtained and three major groups accounted for 70-90% of the total. Most degraders degraded 2,4-D more rapidly in the nutrient broth medium than in the mineral medium. The properties of the dominant 2,4-D degraders were different between the mineral soil and the Ando soil. In the former the degraders could utilize various carbon sources and grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, while in the latter the degraders could grow with very limited carbon sources and only aerobic conditions. These results indicated that through the application of 2,4-D different species of 2,4-D degraders were enriched depending on the soil types.
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