カナダのホームステッド法 : アメリカとの比較
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概要
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The settlement of the Canadian West should be viewed as part of the North American frontier expansion. It is significant that free land policy embodied in the Homestead Acts was employed in the disposition of public lands on both sides of the U.S. and Canadian border. Notwithstanding the fame of the U.S. Homestead Act, which is often treated as one of the most important laws in American history, the Canadian counterpart is accorded a less celebrated position in history. It is the purpose of this paper to clarify the nature of the Canadian homestead policy, and compare it to American land policy. The purpose of public land policy in the United States was to create the democratic pattern of land ownership in the West. The Homestead Act of 1862 was the symbol of its policy and the realization of Jeffersonian dream. Although Canada had her own Homestead Act as a part of the Dominion Lands Act of 1872, there seems to have been no such purpose. The Canadian West at the time of its purchase from the Hudson's Bay Company was considered to be the area vulnerable to the threat of American expansion. The settlement of the area was vital to her national security, and it was considered urgent to build a railroad to the Pacific and settle the vacant land with Canadian people. However, there was no clear idea about the character of the society which would be built in the Canadian West. The homestead policy was adopted as a means to attract settlers, and the political philosophy behind the American Homestead Act faded away when this policy went across the international border. The difference between Canada and the United States in the aims of their land policies must have originated in the very nature of public lands, although both countries employed similar disposal policies with identical nomenclature. The public land in the United States was born as the result of the American Revolution, and it was won by the common sword, purse, and blood of all the people. It is quite natural that the land belonged to the people from the beginning. In Canada, however, the public land was essentially the Crown land, which was dramatically shown in the case of Malcolm McKinney's claim to the second Homestead and the response of the Canadian government analyzed in this paper. This characteristic explains the apparent negligence on the type of society which would be built on the frontier, and accounts for the orderly settlement process in western Canada. It is no wonder that the fever associated with the American Homestead Act readily cooled off on the Canadian frontier.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1985-07-30
著者
関連論文
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- 田村 光三著,『ニューイングランド社会経済史研究』, (勁草書房、一九九五年月、三二九頁、六〇〇〇円)
- 『フロンティアと開拓者』
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- 経済史と現代 : 問題提起 (経済史と現代)
- 餅田治之著, 『アメリカ森林開発史 : 林業フロンティアの西漸過程』, 古今書院、一九八四年、一五九頁、二、五〇〇円
- カナダのホームステッド法 : アメリカとの比較