1989年天安門事件の一考察 : 「四・二六動乱社説」の形成をめぐって
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This paper aims to explain a characteristic of contemporary Chinese politics, that is, how the reins of Chinese administration are held in the hands of a few authoritarians and its politics under the rule of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which is dependent on the armed forces. This is done by analyzing how the top leadership of the CCP coped with the early situation of the Tian' anmen Crisis in 1989. My analysis focusses on the activities of major six actors : (1) Deng Xiaoping as Supreme Leader, (2) the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau (SCPB) of the CCP as the highest decision-making organ, (3) Yang Shangkun and Wang Zhen as Deng's private sworn friends, (4) the Beijing Municipal Committee (BMC) of the CCP, (5) the State Committee of Education, and (6) the Student Democracy Movement. In power struggles such as the Tian' anmen Crisis, the most important factor for each hostile division contending for supremacy was how to have influence upon Deng's attitude and get his support. It is difficult to analyze Deng's political thought, because it is a compound of some contradictory elements such as realism, pragmatism, rationalism and a patriarchal temperament which supports military oppression. On April 24 the BMC sent an appeal to the SCPB to enforce rigid regulations against the student movement. That night it was accepted by the SCPB with enlarged membership which included the secretary-general of the party, Zhao Ziyang, at that time visiting North Korea. Conservatives in the Party finally succeeded in changing Deng's attitude and getting his support. Deng's patriarchalism and military tendencies predominated over his rationalism. He concluded to label the student movement a "disturbance". In accordance with Deng's attitude, the Ren-min Ri-bao (People's Daily) ran an editorial entitled "Stop the Disturbance with a determined attitude" on April 26. On reflection, this early synopsis of taking a hard-line attitude against the student movement was written by Deng himself, including the appeal of the BMC which was faithfully written according to Deng's intention from the beginning.
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