東アジアの「序列なき」産業発展と環境破壊 : 日系多国籍企業のアジア進出と「ダブル・スタンダード問題」
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The rapid economic growth in East Asia is called "East Asian Miracle" by World Bank economists and development economists inside and outside the region proclaim this to be a model case of economic development. This miracle has been achieved through rapid industrialization dependent on direct foreign investment. The geese-flying model stressed that there can be observed some kind of pecking order in the changing patterns of competitive edges between industrialized and industrializing economies. But such late industrializing economies as Singapore and Malaysia skipped the stage of labor-intensive industrialization to enter the period of the capital-and-technology-intensive industrial development and destroyed the pecking order of international division of labor in East Asia, which is named "the miracle in the Malay Peninsular" in this paper. But this rapid economic growih in East Asia has triggered very serious pollution problems, espccially in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Energy efficiency and CO_2 emission have been getting worth in the process of the rapid heavy industrialization in these countries. Instead, multinational corporations are also involved in environmental disruption in East Asia. The multinationals operating in that region make efforts to meet the local standard of environmental regulations, not the stricter regulations in their home countries. This paper concludes that"institutional arrangements", or organizational development, facilitates the exchange of information between actors involved in the environmental protection, reduces the uncertainties for the investment in the creation of environment-related business and to encourage consumers to participate in the activities for the prevention of pollution problems. The most important thing is that the accumulation of these institutronal arrangements should be preconditions for the change in the "institutional environment" as a set of fundamental, social, and legal ground rules efficiently governing economic and political activities for environmental preservation.
- 北海道東海大学の論文
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