Mating Calls of the Pond Frog Species Distributed in the Far East and their Artificial Hybrids
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Mating calls of Rana nigromaculata, two races of Rana brevipoda brevipoda and Rana brevipoda porosa distributed in Japan, Rana plancyi chosenica in Korea, R. nigromaculata and Rana plancyi plancyi in China and Rana plancyi fukienensis in Formosa were recorded under the controlled condition in the laboratory and their structure was analyzed. The Typical race of R. b. brevipoda from Okayama and Miyoshi had long continuous calls which consisted of repetitive fine pulses (continuous call). The calls of Japanese and Chinese R. nigromaculata, the Nagoya race of R. b. brevipoda from Maibara, R. brevipoda porosa and R. plancyi fukienensis consisted of 3∿15 distinct notes (multi-note call). These calls were more or less specialized in structure not only interspecifically but also intraspecifically. The calls of the Nagoya race of R. b. brevipoda from Maibara were intermediate between R. nigromaculata from Hiroshima and the Typical race of R. b. brevipoda from Okayama and resembled the calls of the reciprocal hybrids between the two. The calls of R. p. plancyi and R. plancyi chosenica consisted of two components which were distinctly different in structure and were mutually joined with each other (two-component call). Fifteen kinds of inter- and intraspecific hybrids containing seven kinds of reciprocal combinations among the foregoing pond frog species which had different call structure were produced by artificial fertilization methods, and the mating calls of their males were analyzed. The male reciprocal hybrids between the frog species having multi-note call and continuous call or two-component call uttered multi-note calls without fail. The male reciprocal hybrids between the Typical race of R. b. brevipoda having continuous calls and R. R. plancyi chosenica having two-component calls also uttered multi-note calls. These calls, however, consisted of two phases. The first phase was evidently inherited from the first component of the call of R. plancyi chosenica. Though the reciprocal hybrids must have the same genome constitution, 22 (47.8%) of the total 46 acoustic parameters obtained from the calls of seven kinds of reciprocal hybrids were significantly different between the reciprocal combinations. Of the total 21 acoustic parameters which were significantly different between the parental species, four (19%) were specific to these hybrids, and 15 (71.4%) were intermediate between the parental species, while the maternal effects were more or less emphasized in those parameters. Moreover, there were some other maternal characters which were emphasized in the calls of the reciprocal hybrids.
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