閉鎖居住実験計画とミニ地球における物質フローの検討

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Closed habitation experiments are to be carried out using Closed Ecosystem Experiment Facilities (CEEF) from 2005 to 2009. Three and six one-week habitations are to be conducted in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The duration of the habitation is to be elongated to two and four months in 2007 and 2009, respectively. Preliminary study and testing have been conducted in order to start the closed habitation experiments. In 2004 as the last year of the preliminary test phase for the 2005-2009 experiments, periodical harvesting from staggered cultivation of 23 crops including rice, soybean, peanut, and sugar beet was continued during 103 days. In order to balance with metabolisms of humans and animals, it is necessary to stabilize production of edible and inedible biomass, CO2 uptake and O2 production of crops. Although biomass production decreased rapidly during the first five weeks of the 103-days, it was relatively stable during the last ten weeks. Average major foodstuffs in the harvested edible biomass met the requirement of two habitants (named as eco-nauts) although several minor ingredients were insufficient. CO2 uptake and O2 production of the crops (150 m2) were determined to be 99.9 mol day-1 and 104.8 mol day-1, respectively, based on biomass and ingredient analysis. Total CO2 and O2 exchanges of two Shiba goats and two eco-nauts were 63 and 66% of those of the crops, respectively. Flows of carbon and oxygen in the material circulation system including crops, eco-nauts, Shiba goats and physical/chemical part were calculated using these data. The analysis showed that waste processing systems of Closed Plant Experiment Facility and Closed Animal and Habitation Experiment Facility (CAHEF) will proceed solid waste of 307 g day-1 (10.8 mol C day-1) and 651 g day-1 (25.8 mol C day-1), respectively, and that the CO2 separator of the CAHEF will separate 89.1 mol CO2 day-1. The result obtained in this study confirmed that the crops would serve sufficient biomass and O2 to eco-nauts and Shiba goats in habitation experiments. CO2 expired by eco-nauts and Shiba goats also will be served to the crops. However, it will be later than 2008 that all of the CO2 produced by waste processing returns to the crops, because the completion of integration of waste decomposition systems of the CEEF is planned in 2007. A part of CO2 will be served from outer source to compensate the lack of CO2 from the waste processing, and surplus O2 will be released because of lack of O2 consumption by the waste processing, by 2007. A result of a rough estimation of water flow in the CEEF conducted based on preliminary experimental data was also shown.
生態工学会の論文
2005-10-30

閉鎖居住実験計画とミニ地球における物質フローの検討

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