Experimental Intrauterine Infection of Akabane Virus:Pathological Studies of Skeletal Muscles and Central Nervous System of Newborn Hamsters

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The vertical infection system of hamsters by means of inoculating with Akabane virus was prepared as an experimental model of congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama type) (FCMD) and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC).<BR>Swollen fetus, mummified fetus, arthrogryposis and cranial deformities were produced in 13 of 415 newborn hamsters inoculated transplacentally (3.1%). The incidence was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). Eight cases presenting gross abnormalities were examined histologically and electron-microscopically. Immature pictures of skeletal muscles as chains of internal nuclei and myotubular muscle fibers were demonstrated in all cases. In addition, perivascular infiltration of small round cells and thickening of vascular walls were seen in 5 cases, while myogenic changes such as broken myofirils, small muscle fibers and changes in fiber size were observed in 6 cases. In the anterior horn of spinal cord, swelling and loss of nuclei and cell matrix were noticed in 4 cases. In cerebral cortex, cell layer disarrangement and edematous changes and loss of nerve cells were revealed in 5 cases. In 4 cases virus particles were found out electron-microscopically in cerebral cortex.
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