The Effect of Arterial Stiffness on Recurrence of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation (CA). Methods: We enrolled 94 consecutive patients (mean age: 62±9.5) undergoing circumferential pulmonary vein electrical isolation with a double lasso technique using CARTO system for paroxysmal AF. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was determined as an index of arterial stiffness. Plasma BNP, serum aldosterone, and high sensitivity CRP were assayed, and Left atrial volume (LAV) was measured by multi-slice CT. Results: Among the 94 patients, 26 (28%) had metabolic syndrome. In simple regression analysis, CAVI were correlated with age, eGFR, BNP, and LAV (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). During a follow-up of 7.9±2.3 months, 21 patients experienced AF recurrence. Patients with AF recurrence had a increased CAVI (recurrence 8.9 vs non-recurrence 8.2 p<0.05) and a larger LAV (recurrence 81.3 ml vs non-recurrence 70.6 ml p<0.05) compared with patients without AF recurrence. Multivariate analysis revealed that LAV, BNP, CAVI were independently associated with AF recurrence (t-value: 2.76, 4.65, 2.28, respectively). Conclusions: CAVI was associated with age, BNP and LAV, suggesting a significant role of arterial stiffness in AF after CA.