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To assess the relationship between reccurent wheezing after RSV-bronchiolitis and the activation of eosinophils, we investigated serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) from on admission to6months after discharge. Thirty-six infants were enrolled in this study. All patients were admitted to hospital for acute illness with RSV-bronchiolitis. We divided these patients into two groups, "wheeze group (n=12)" and "non-wheeze group (n=22)" by the recurrence of wheezing after discharge. Serum ECP and eosinophil counts in peripheral blood were measured on admission, at discharge, 1month, 3months, and6months after discharge. There were no significant differences in age on admissicn, hospitalization nor the number of cases of positive familial history of allergic diseases and cases required oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation between two groups. On admission, serum ECP, eosinophil counts nor serum lgE were not different between two groups. From discharge, "wheeze group" revealed higher serum ECP than "non-wheeze group". This tendency was observed up to6months after discharge. Our data suggest that activated eosinophils might play an important role in recurrent wheeze after RSV-bronchiolitis in infants.