Selective Dimerization of Propene to 4-Methyl-1-pentene by Potassium–Copper based Catalysts

概要

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The dimerization of propene by potassium catalyst was carried out at 180 °C in <I>n</I>-heptane to give 4-methyl-1-pentene as a major product. The effects of the addition of metal powders, potassium alkoxides and tertiary amines were investigated. The selective production of 4-methyl-1-pentene on adding metal powders increased in the order of Cu, Ag>Mg, Co>Al, Fe, Ni, Zn. When long-chain alkoxides were added to the potassium–copper catalyst system, potassium catalyst was observed to be dispersed, the relative reaction rates increased, and the isomerization of 4-methyl-1-pentene formed was retarded. Thus, the selectivity increased more than 90% after 40% conversion of propene. The potassium–copper–aliphatic tertiary amine-catalyst system caused the yield of 4-methyl-1-pentene to increase in a similar manner to the potassium–copper–alkoxide-catalyst system and inhibited the formation of the carbonaceous substance covering the surface of the catalyst, and the selectivity was not lowered after a higher conversion of propene.
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