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A comparative study was made of sex differences in serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels (γ-GTP) by age in healthy adults and patients with various liver diseases. In healthy adults less than age 40, the γ-GTP level was found to be significantly lower in females than in males, whereas almost no difference was noted between males and females at ages above 50. Females less than age 40 had significantly lower values than those over age 50. The determinations in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis of the liver were found to be lower in younger females than in males or older females similarly as in healthy adults. The administration of exogenous estrogen : ethinyl estradiol to older females with cirrhosis of the liver, who had high serum γ-GTP levels, resulted in a reduction of the serum γ-GTP level but an increased occurred when the administration was discontinued.The findings obtained suggest a relationship between estrogen and serum α-GTP suppression.