非イオン界面活性剤の性質に及ぼす構造効果 (第7報) : ペンタエリトリトールから導かれる多鎖型構造の非イオン界面活性剤の諸性能

概要

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Three series of new types of nonionics (PEE) having a general formula, (ROCH2) xC [CH2O (C2H4O) nH] 4-x (x=13, R=n-C3n-C16), have been prepared by polyaddition of ethylene oxide (EO) to higher alkyl ethers of pentaerythritol. Some gross effects of PEE were examined in comparison with those of n-alkanol-EO (S type) and α, α-glyceryl-dialkylether-EO (GDE) adducts. Nonionics having the multi-chain type hydrophobe were superior to S type in interfacial tension lowering ability, wetting and emulsifying efficiencies. While, their foaming and suspending powers were less effective than those of S types. These trends appeared unequivocally rather in case of the comparison among the higher homologues. For nonionics having three polyoxyethylene chains in the hydrophile, it was observed that the lower members (R=C12) were excellent in interfacial tension lowering and foaming, while the higher members (R=C16) were excellent in suspending and emulsifying. The higher GDE were rather superior to the corresponding S and PEE types in detergency. Nonionics having each two chains in both hydorophobic and hydrophilic parts exhibited the higher efficiencies for most of the gross effects examined. Based on these results, a connection between the basic properties reported previously (ref. 6) and the gross effects in the multi-chain type nonionics was discussed.