Substantial Evidence to Localize the Developmental Origin of Primordial Germ Cells in the Chicken

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The developmental origin of the primordial germ cells (pgcs) in avian embryos was substantially localized at the center of area pellucida. A cell cluster consisting of about 700 cells was isolated from: 1) the center of area pellucida, 2) the outer of area pellucida and 3) the area opaca of the stage X5) blastoderm. The isolated cell cluster was dissociated and about 500 cells were microinjected into the recipient stage X blastoderm, from which a cell cluster of about 700 cells at the center of area pellucida were removed. These chimeric embryos were cultured until stage 158). When the donor cells from area 2)or 3) were microinjected into the recipient, the mean number of pgcs per 1μl of blood decreased significantly to 7 or 11 (P<0.05), respectively, as compared to intact embryos with 62. When the cells were replenished with the donor cells from area 1), no reduction in the pgcs number was observed. The replenishment of the recipients cells by the cells from area 2) or 3) could not restore the original number of pgc. Therefore, it was concluded that the pgcs originated in the central part of the area pellucida and that there were few pgcs at the outer of area pellucida or area opaca.