Energy transfer from Pb2+ to Mn2+ in fluorescent halite from Salton Sea, California

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Photoluminescence (PL) properties of halite from Salton Sea, California, USA, are investigated at 10, 80, and 295 K. The color of clear part of this halite is transparent under daylight, and the fluorescence under UV light at 253.7 nm is orange-red. The orange-red emission band at 640 nm is assigned to the electronic transitions within the 3d5 configuration of Mn2+ in halite (NaCl). The excitation spectrum of the orange-red fluorescence consists of unefficient excitation bands due to Mn2+ and efficient excitation bands due to Pb2+. The existence of the Pb2+ bands in the excitation spectrum of the Mn2+ fluorescence suggests that there is an excitation process due to the energy transfer with the resonance type from Pb2+ to Mn2+. Thermal quenching of the specimen is undertaken, and it is clarified that the clusters of the Pb2+-vacancy pairs play an important part in the orange-red fluorescence from the halite. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) reveals that this halite includes Mn (98 μg/g) and Pb (640 μg/g).