政権交代と教育費政策(変動期の教育費・教育財政,I 年報フォーラム)

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the subjects of education expenses policies (in this paper, elementary and secondary education) of the Democratic Party Administration, reconfirming that the Governmental fiscal policies and state have a great influence on the contents of educational budgets, educational policies, and the actors' political activities in the situation before and after a change of Government. Under the former Liberal Democratic Party Administration, the range of choice of the education policies was narrowed remarkably, with educational policies pointing to efficiency against the background of a severe restriction on educational budgets and the retreat of the power of the bunkyouzoku (politicians associated with the governing party and education). The inauguration of the Democratic Party Administration became an opportunity to overcome the severe restrictions of the educational budget and the stale situation of educational policies under the administration of the Liberal Democratic Party. Enactment of a tuition-free bill for high school was a symbol of the dynamism of the education policies to be determined by the Cabinet initiative with the change of the Government. However, while national bond dependence of the country has exceeded the cautionary zone, many educational expenses policies, following the plan for free high school tuition, are faced with the problem of whether sources of revenue are securable with the subjects of a tax increase and fiscal reconstruction looming large in the public. It is thus opaque how far the Administration will continue to be able to secure educational expenses under this initiative from now on. Moreover, another concern is the educational expenses policies technique of the Democratic Party Administration. The feature of the educational expenses policies of the Administration is a conversion to a demand side (family and child) from a supply side. In order to convert the conventional supply side into a demand side, it is necessary to change the conventional rule and structure of resource allocation based on the educational condition maintenance to a new rule and structure of resource allocation suitable for the principle of "equality based on each child." However, an awareness of the issues of making the new rule and structure of resource allocation suitable for the "equality based on each child" is weak in terms of the policies of making high school tuition free and introducing child allowances which were realized first by the new Administration. Since there is no prospect of a fiscal reconstruction which includes a tax increase and revenue-and-expenditure reform or the vision of social economy reform in the policies of the Democratic Party and the new Administration, the Democratic Party and the new Administration cannot actually carry out a new view which builds new rules and a structure of resource allocation corresponding to the above-mentioned "equality based on each child." It is clear that the maintenance of educational conditions and educational fiscal administration with the feature of "the equality of a field" focused on a supply side, were based on centralization and lacked a deeper consideration of "equality based on each child.". At this point, the policy shift became focused on the demand side to be challenged by the Democratic Party Administration. It is an important subject for Japanese education. However, the choice to improve the problems of the current system by maintaining the strong points of the present educational administrative and financial system with the feature of "the equality of a field" should not be denied.
2010-10-01

政権交代と教育費政策(変動期の教育費・教育財政,I 年報フォーラム)

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