バイオマスからの液体燃料製造技術(<特集>バイオマス転換技術-触媒の利用・開発の観点から-)

概要

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Re-Ni-Sr/ZrO_2 catalysts were found to be effective for the reforming at 1023K-1123K of CH_4 and CO_2 in biogas after water washing to form CO/H_2. For FT reaction, Ru-Mn/γ-Al_2O_3 was effective under slurry-phase conditions. FT activity was dependent on Ru and Mn concentration, where 5wt% Ru and molar ratio of Mn/Al=1/19 were the best results. The FT activity was not affected by CH_4 and CO_2 in biogas, but affected by impurities such as H_2S. For fixed-bed FT reaction under 1MPa, Ru-Mn/γ-Al_2O_3 was also effective, but, in the absence of diluents, the activity dropped sharply, while, in the presence of diluents, the catalyst activity decreased gently and C5+ yield increased and CH_4 selectivity decreased. Also, catalyst activity was positively dependent on the pressure. The use of Ru-Mn/γ-Al_2O_3 physically mixed with Pd/γ-Al_2O_3 led to the dramatic decrease in olefin to paraffin ratio and, as a result, C5+ yield was increased. Pt/SiO_2-Al_2O_3 catalyst was effective for hydrocracking of FT wax and 56% of middle distillate yield. FT-based BTL process was compared with other processes such as fast pyrolysis process and bio-hyrdotreated process of jatropha oil.
2011-06-20