新設博物館における生物学的問題(博物館)

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Newly-built museums must be inspected from the conservation science standpoint before opening in Japan. The authors have been in charge of biological investigations. In this paper, they described various kinds of damage caused by organisms and recommended countermeasures for newly-built museums. 1. Storage Rooms 1.1 Adults of Palaeocallidium rufipenne Motschulsky (Fig. 1), a longhorned beetle, have been found in some storage rooms. Investigations often reveal holes made by the beetle in Japan cedar boards of the wall in storage rooms (Fig. 2). 1.2 Beech wood is commonly used for flooring. Japanese oak was used in one museum, but it was damaged by Lyctus brunneus Stephens within several months after the completion. 1.3 Though plywood boards are often used for shelves, the authors have found holes made by wood-boring beetles in them (Fig. 3) 1.4 Fungal growth is usually present on beech floor boards in storage rooms situated in the basement of museums (Fig. 4). The common fungi are Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. growths have been found on areas of wall boards which have absorbed moisture from the concrete. 2. Restoration Workshops Many Japanese museums put their restoration workshops in the basement. Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. are usually spread over the beech floor board. Lab benches and their drawers are often made of lauan wood, which is frequently damaged by Lyctus brunneus Stephens. 3. Exhibition Rooms 3.1 Lyctus brunneus Stephens attacks showcases made of lauan wood (Fig. 5), and Anthrenus verbasci L., Attagenus japonicus Reitter, Tinea pellionella L. and Tineola biselliella Hummel (Fig. 6) damage the felt in showcases. 3.2 Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. often grow on exhibition panels to which cloth has been glued. Sometimes, the authors have also found fungal growth on the cloth of showcases. 4. Countermeasures 4.1 Fumigation is the most effective method for controlling the larvae of Palaeocallidium rufipenne Motshulsky living in Japan cedar boards. Plywood shelves should be fumigated before being placed in storage rooms. 4.2 If wooden flooring and wallboard are used in the basement, fungi are likely to grow on them. Therefore, these boards should be treated with low-toxicity fungicides and insecticides (monochloronaphthalene, xylasan-Al, xylasan-BD, tribromophenol, etc. against fungi; monochloronaphthalene, chlordane, phoxim, permethrin, etc. against insects). 4.3 Since showcases made of lauan wood will be attacked by Lyctus brunneus Stephens and the felt in the showcases will be damaged by Dermestid beetles and Clothes moths, it is nessesary to treat them perfectly with effective fumigants. 4.4 Fungi grow on exhibition panels and showcases to which cloths are glued if they are kept in a high humidity environment. Theref ore, these cloths should be treated with a low-toxicity fungicide (thymol, thiabendazole, etc.). 5. The requisite conditions and facilities for fumigations were described.
日本家屋害虫学会の論文
1980-06-30

新設博物館における生物学的問題(博物館)

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