知識人の概念と類型

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概要

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• The word "intelligentsia" has hitherto been used widely. Yet from the sociological point of view especially, it is still one of the most obsecure terms upon the meaning of which people have rarely agreeded. This is because the people do not share the same ground to appreciate the significance and implication of the above-mentioned terms. If we want to difine the concept of intelligentsia, we must pay attention neither to one's occupation nor academic career, but to his inner attitude as having advocated by T. Geiger. By saying "inner attitude" we mean the autonomy of mind, critical character and creation of culture. I shall begin by distinguishing cultured-man from intelligentsia. The formar is a man who only enjoys culture, but not necessarily posseses his own cultural ideal. Whereas intelligentsia is a man whose characteristics are based on an independence of thought and a disapproval of all sorts of external authorities which arise not only from the political power, but from those of mass of people, cultural tradition, mass-communication and so on. Furthermore types of intelligentsia are divided into those of two sub-classifications, I) critical (radical) and 2) affirmative (conservative). It is enough to say that both of them possess a positive attitude to this world or his ideal. However there exists an important difference of the attitudes between them. The former's attitude is represented of the attitudes between them. The former's attitude is represented by a courage to oppose against all the old-fashioned authority or thought, and later's is by a courage to endure his destiny.

• 慶應義塾大学の論文

著者

• 横山 寧夫

  慶應義塾大学

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