農耕者と漁労者の比較心理(1) : 年中行事を通しての信仰心

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概要

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• The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of religious faith between the farming villagers and fishing villagers by adopting an example method which regards regular annual events from the viewpoint of interaction between the people and their traditional occupations. Regular annual events were chosen because they seem to be the reflection of each original way of living and thinking. Farmers' desire for fertility is dependent upon pre-celebration ceremony for Productivity and its fortunetelling in New Year, and especially upon April's stately ceremonious prayer for fertility. The god of rice fields is thought to be the most important compared with other nature spirits. After sending it in winter until spring, there seems to be a long period of abstention. There are also many kinds of exorcism ceremonies as sending-away insects in June, making undesirable spirits be attached to some substitute images in August's and March's ceremonies. At yielding rituals as well, knocking down the land with a straw stick gives exorcises unfavourable spirits, which seems an abominable behaviour for welcoming the God of rice. The ways of the ritual of deceased or of the feast of Tondo fire suggest that farmers tend to believe the existence of the world after death near to them. As for villagers of fishing, they respect the god of Sea/Ryujin-god most deeply, and pray to Ebisu-god for productivity. They conduct ritualsof reverently receiving them as follows: after purifying themselves by sea-water and exorcising in shrine in order to be a god-person, they worship them, offering sacred food and rice-wine. The spring ritual of a god reveals how decently people believe in god. At a poor catch, they hold a sacred ceremony by themselves, believing that unfavourable spirits have caused it. Even at an event of an employment contract between fishermen and their owner, they show it in front of the god in shrine with absolute obedience. They regard this life unconsciously perpetual youth and long life. They cherish their life in this world, not life after this, since they seem to think that their life in this world is always protected by the absolute god accordingly to their standard, lest they should not forget to hold the sacred ritual ceremonies to it.

著者

• 服部 純子

  国際基督教大学教育研究所

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• 農耕者と漁撈者の比較心理(2) : 神祭祀を通しての信仰心
• 農耕者と漁労者の比較心理(1) : 年中行事を通しての信仰心

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