農耕者と漁労者の比較心理(4) : 自然観(教育心理)

概要

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The purpose of this study of culture and personality was to investigate the comparative psychology of farming villagers and fishing villagers, in particular, attitudes toward nature: natural phenomena such as sun, wind, rain, etc., as well as natural materials such as plants, mountains, spirits and so on. The research methods employed were based on reference to essays on Japanese farmers and fishermen. Results were obtained by research on points of views regarding how they connect with nature and natural phenomena. Discussion focused on their attitudes and psychological views of nature. Through research on the farmer's connection with nature, the performance of ritual exorcism with utilization of some special plants was particularly marked. Some birds were characterized as evil and fortunate entities. While natural phenomena such as sun, moon, and snow symbolized holy entities, strong wind was considered to be the cause of evil spirits. On the other hand, fishermen regarded mountains as the holy places where a god descends or a god itself resides. They were too sensitive toward the phenomenal change as tide/moon and wind.