マリア・モンテッソーリの教育思想 : その子ども観と教育の目的論と方法論を中心として

概要

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In the educational history of the world, Montessori is enumerated as a famous educator of early child education as well as Frobel, and one of the New Education. Her educational method is being practiced at many kindergartens today. This paper intends to systematize her educational thought focusing on her view of the child and the theory of educational aim and method, and also points out the characteristics and the mooted points from her main writings. At first, her view of the child is that the child is der geistiger Embryo who has a creative attitude and potential energy which makes the structure of child's mind, that is the self activity of child. And so, her educational aim is to support the development of his mind. This esteem of the self activity of child is the idea of the child-centered and the New Education. Secondly, her educational method, the so-called Montessori Method that makes the child concentrate on working materials that were contrived by Montessori, is the principle of self activity of child. Another principle is the one of sociality that is the expression of child's sympathy and love originated in his nature. This Montessori Method, especially the training of child's sense using the so-called Montessori Materials in early child education, can assess, but the exclusive possession of the qualification training a so-called Montessori Teacher and the monopolization of selling the Montessori Materials cannot assess.