「民放連メディアリテラシー実践プロジェクト」における効果研究 : プロジェクトに参加した中高生の意識変化を中心に
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The National Association of Commercial Broadcasters in Japan (NAB) has been working since 2006 on a five-year practical media literacy project. Under the auspices of the project, TV station staff such as media creators teach junior and senior high school students media literacy by working together with them to make TV programs. The results of the first two years of the project are reported in Study 1 (2006) and Study 2 (2007). In Study 1, the results of the project were evaluated using a pretest-posttest design and personal interviews with junior and senior high school students who had been involved in the project in Nagasaki, Aomori, and Hiroshima. Though many students joined the project for reasons other than their own desire to do so ("my class teacher just told me to join"), upon completion of the project they showed highly positive attitudes and feelings of accomplishment such as "I really enjoyed making programs with TV staff and friends," "I would like to continue doing so," and "I changed my point of view about TV." Also, students' interest in media literacy and their understanding of how important it is increased after they took part in the project because they had become aware of the media creators' perspective and felt empowered as consumers and creators of media by their experiences. In Study 2, junior and senior high school students in Ehime, Hokkaido, and Yamaguchi also completed a pretest and posttest. They recognized the merits of TV, such as that it can provide a great deal of information immediately. On the other hand, they realized the demerits of TV, such as the common use of exaggeration and stereotypes. Students still, however, confused fantasy and reality in TV programs. At the conclusion of the project, scores on a psychological test indicated that students were less shy than when they had begun the project. Some of them became more open, although they continued to struggle with complicated relationships with TV staff and friends. Students also scored high for feelings of achievement and motivation on the test, perhaps because they had successfully cooperated with TV staff and friends. They succeeded in learning about media in a cooperative fashion. The author hopes that in the future the NAB will be able to institute projects such as this one widely and efficiently.
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