現代日本における教職観の一考察
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概要
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The author aims at examining three main views on the teaching profession which compete with each other in the present-day Japan, and searching the possibility of unifcation of these three views. 1. The first one is a view which regards education as "a holy vocation". This view originated in the Tokugawa period, where teachers of terakoya were highly admired by both pupils and their parents. Pupils used to be instructed to follow their teacher seven feet behind, lest they should tread on the shadow of their teacher. This tradition has been retained in the Meiji period and after. This view had been dominant in the pre-war Japan, where the "normal school" was the main teacher training institution, and it is still favored by many people, especially parents of Japan. This view emphasizes the idealistic aspects of the activities of teachers. It has weak points in that it tends to ask teachers to be content with rather poor condition of their life, and to abstain from the actual situation of the society. 2. The second one is a view which regards teachers as "laborers". This view was primarily propounded by Japan Teachers' Union (JTU) in the post-war period in Japan, and is still an official view of JTU. This view has played a great role so far in overcoming the above-stated weakness contained in the view of education as a holy vocation. The weakness of this view consists in that it does not so much mention any specific tasks and professional ethics which are proper to teaching profession, and in that it tends to be oriented by the Marxistic ideology. 3. The third one is a view which regards education as "a profession". The term "profession" may denote such a vocation as 1) is concerned with important and indispensable activities in a society, 2) needs highly intellectual knowledge and skills, 3) expects, its members to perform their service with the sense of responsibility to society, and 4) has a self-governing organization of practitioners that maintains a clearly-stated code of ethics. The view of education as a profession may contain the merits of the other two views. Although this view is rather new and unfamiliar in Japan, it has come to be popular recently. Having discussed the merits and demerits of these three views, the author concludes that the view of teaching as a profession is the most appropriate view on the teaching profession in the present-day Japan.
- 国際基督教大学の論文
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