J.W.ガードナーにおける社会哲学と教育の問題 : 優秀性と平等の理念の調和をめぐって

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Education as a social function aims at the survival and enhancement of life of a group concerned. In this sense education is an activity of the realization of the ideals and values which the society concerned fosters. Education in a democratic society is confronted with a difficult problem of harmonizing the pursuit of excellence and the realization of equality in the society. The article discusses this problem through the analysis and examination of the social and educational thought of J.W. Gardner primarily expressed in his Excellence (1961). Gardner's arguments are examined in terms of: 1) his view on three contesting principles of society, that is, i) hereditary privilege, ii) competitive performance, iii) equalitarianism, 2) his view on the demand of the development of the talents in society which has been necessitated by the present-day situation of industrialized society, 3) his view on the pursuit of excellence on the basis of the idea of self-fulfilment, and 4) his appeal to the ideal of establishing a great society. Gardner's thought, on the one hand, seems to be influenced by the social and educational situation of American society in 1950's. However, on the other hand, it has universal significance to the present-day industrialized society in terms of the attainment of both equality and excellence.
国際基督教大学の論文