同胞関係と性格形成 : 自叙伝による一考察

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概要

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• Among various factors operating upon the process of personality development, the family relations are considered as most important. Home, in general, consists of three kinds of human relation-husband and wife, parents and children, and sibling relations. The relationship between parents and children is characterized as the personal interaction of independent and dependent, or protecting and protected, persons, whereas the relation between the siblings is regarded as one of equal status. Therefore, a home provides therein opportunities of excersizing the equal human relations as well as the dependent human relation, both of which which will be practiced in society later. Sibling relations thus have an important meaning in the development of children's social life, i.e., a path of socialization from the complete dependency on parental protections to the independent life. The basic characteristics of sibling relations are featured as peer relations of the blood. Thus, the relations include both affection and antagonism of siblings and are influenced by various factors. For example, social and cultural factors and family structure, such as a number and sex of siblings, their birth orders, age differences, etc., should be taken into consideration. The most important factor, however, is psychological relations among family members, especially the attitudes of parents toward their children. The over-all mode of sibling relation, whether cooperative or competitive, seems to depend on the parental love. The present study tried to investigate the effects of sibling relationship on personality development by analyzing real description in autobiographies. Among autobiographies written by students of five universities and collected by Okabe, a sample of 100 was chosen at random by Wakabayashi. The latter divided them into three groups according to the writers' birth order, i.e., first-born, middle-child, and last-born. The specific problems raised and answered in this study are as follows: how the child is treated in his family, particularly by the parents, and what position, responsibilities, roles, etc. are given to him according to his birth order; how these roles affect the sibling relationship; what attitudes and behaviors he learns in these environments with regards to the kinds of mechanisms of adjustment he makes; and what kind of personality he attains.

著者

• 岡部 弥太郎

  国際基督教大学

関連論文

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• Kolesnik, Walter B., Educational Psychology, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1963
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• 大学の入学試験 : 一つの報告と問題の展望
• 自叙伝にあらわれた疎開の経験
• 自叙伝にあらわれた国立大学学生の宗教と社会思想

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