自叙伝にあらわれた疎開の経験
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概要
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I. Purpose The experience of evacuation in the World War II was a veryuncommon experience for children who are now about from 20 to 25 years. Evacuation was a great event on history of education in Japan, but the record on it is very scanty. The purpose of this study is to find out the problems which had been occurred by evacuation. II. Method and Materials As the method of this study, we take the autobiographies of students, in order to see the facts from pupil's side. Materials are 200 autobiographies of students of a representative national university. III. Results and Interpretation The data having to do with this study are as follows: among 200 students, there are 100 students who described the experience of evacuation. (50%) The record on a mass evacuation is 43 and a private evacuation is 78. The results of analysis on their general impressions of evacuation are as follows: plus (good)…19.6% minus (maladjusted)…44.1% plus and minus…31.4% mentioned only the fact of evacuation…4.9% A. Mass Evacuation 1) The experience of primary frustration-especially hunger, 2) Homesickness-hospitalism 3) Distrust in teachers 4) Adjustment with fellows-the most serious experience-obstracism B. Private Evacuation 1) The beautiful nature and rural life 2) Abjustment to community life-Isolation from rural life, children's con-sciousness of the social status. 3) Change of schools-emotional insecurity. It can be thought that a mass evacuation is a very good opportunity for training, but in fact, it had not so good effect. Children's personalities were gradually swayed by the pressure of group life. The experience of moderate frustration is necessary to children for having frustration tolerance but the experience of excessive frustration produced abnormal personalities. By the medium of this study, we can understand plainly that good education of children is impossible without cooperation of parents. Through the experience of evacuation, some children were able to have opportunities for growth of their personalities, but most of them felt unstable with new environment. A shortage of materials and an absence of thoughtful educational consideration might be two great causes that led evacuation to undesirable conditions.
- 国際基督教大学の論文
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