生物地理学史に関する一考察 : 分散・分断分布・地理的種分化(松永俊男教授退任記念号)

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In the history of biogeography since the books of Humboldt and Wallace, traditional regional biogeography has classified biogeographic regions by the features of biota. This classification was almost complete by the 20th century. Also, ecological biogeography has developed into ecology as an individual discipline. On the other hand, plate tectonic theory and cladistics have had a large effect on the methodology of historical biogeography. In trying to theoretically explain the distribution pattern, the issue arises of the origin of the species and the subsequent process of positive or passive movement of life. This explanatory process has become divided into dispersal biogeography, which since Darwin and Wallace has tried to explain the result of dispersal from overcoming barriers as a result of dispersal through isolation, and the methodology of vicariance biogeography, which tries to explain the separation of plates or continental drift using cladistics. However, Darwin and Wallace studied the distribution of newly evolved life through birds, mammals, etc. after the continents had reached their current locations, while vicariance biogeographers and panbiogeographers studied the distribution pattern of ancient life through insects, etc. that had evolved before continental drift. For the modern comprehensive theory of evolution, naturalists consider isolation necessary for speciation, and geneticists have found its reason from the viewpoint of ontogenesis and phylogeny. Geographic isolation functions to divide the genetic pool against foreign factors. Reproductional isolation is a mechanism to protect an integrated, harmonized common gene against the invasion of other genes, namely sterility. Geographic isolation gradually builds a genetic foundation against the mechanism of reproductional isolation. Sympatric speciation is a case of mutation by polyploidy. In regions with newly formed species overlapping, sympatric speciation occurs through the frequent occurrence of hybridization. However, in the end, ecological and behavioral isolation mechanisms are strengthened in this type of region. In this way, isolation on reproduction grows increasingly, thereby evolving the variety of species. The use of empirical and high-level quantitative and mathematical methods is characteristic of modern biogeographic research. Recently, with the development of molecular genetics, through comparing by cluster analysis, the similarity in the DNA formation of species distributed throughout the regions of the world is applied to deduce the genealogy of evolution and the distribution process.
桃山学院大学の論文
2009-03-10

生物地理学史に関する一考察 : 分散・分断分布・地理的種分化(松永俊男教授退任記念号)

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