Daftar-i Dilgushaに見えるシャバーンカーラ史の叙述 : モンゴル時代史研究における韻文史書利用の可能性(<特集>イラン世界とその周辺地域-その形成と展開)

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Tarikh-i manzumas, books of history written in verse, are a traditional style of Persian historiography. In the later Ilkhanid period, namely the 14th century, various works of tarikh-i manzuma were written and dedicated to Mongol rulers such as Zafar Nama, Ghazan Nama, and Abu Sa'id Nama. As a case study on the issue of using literary and sometimes fictional texts of tarikh-i manzumas for the study of the Ilkhanid history, this article analyzes the text of Daftar-i Dilgusha(DD), the tarikh-i manzuma of the rulers of Shabankara (muluk-i Shabankara) in imitation of Shahnama of Firdawsi which was written in the reign of Ilkhan Abu Said. The rulers of Shabankara who had risen in the early Saljugid rule in Fars and had been in rivalry with the Salghurid atabeks of Fars surrendered to the Mongol army in the years of Hulegu's conquest, and held their sovereignty under the Ilkhanids, till the Inju family took over Shabankara in the final years of Abu Sa'id's reign. The Shabankara'i's Majma' al-Ansab and Natanzi's Muntakhab al-Tawarikh suggest that during the Ilkhanid period, the genealogy and historiography of the rulers of Shabankara with some altered historical facts in order to authorize their rule, had established. Their genealogy is arranged in detail, ascending to Ardashir and Fadlwayh's conquest of Fars, the first explosion of the Shabankaras' power is altered to Hasanwayh's achievement, the founder of the dynasty. DD dedicated to Nizam al-Din Hasan b. Tayyib Shah, a member of the Hasanwayh family, alters this official historiography further with fictional and literary episodes, in order to describe the golden age of the rulers of Shabankara before the Mongol invasion (the reign of Qutb al-Din Mubariz and Mubariz al-Din Muzaffar), focusing on their rivalry with the Salghurids. For a description of the struggles between the rulers of Shabankara and their rivals in southern Iran, DD uses the framework of the Shahnama's world view, the straggle of Iran and Turan (Iran and Central Asia). The Shabankaras are compared to Iran, and the rulers of Shabankara are described as kings of Iran who struggle with alien rivals. Their rivals, the Saljuqid atabeks, the Salghurids, the Khwarazmshahs and the rulers of Kirman, the Turkish-origin rulers who claimed the power in southern Iran, are represented as Turk and Turan. However, DD seems not to neglect the fact that southern Iran had been under the rule of Turkish-origin dynasties through the centuries. The declaration of "the lineage of Sanjar (Sanjar-nezhad)" by some of the rivals suggests the tradition of the superiority of Turkish nomadic rulers in southern Iran, with which the rulers of Shabankara had to compete. In the Ilkhanid period when the DD was written the rulers of Shabankara obeyed Ilkhans, and had a close relationship with the Mongol amirs. The DD ends with verses in honor of Chingiz Khan, and has a supplementary description of the Mongol empire in prose which ends with an admiration of Abu Sa'id. According to its worldview, the DD recognizes the coming of the Mongols as the triumph of the strong king of Turan over Iran. In the fantastic episodes of the Salghrid atabeks' foreseeing in Jam-i Jahan-nama, the Mongol invasion is indirectly described as an avoidable future event where all of the old orders would be turned over, though at the same time it is suggested that the rule of Iranian kings would be revived soon. Though the official historiography avoided recording the fact that the ruler of Shabankara dared to fight against the Mongols, the heroic narrative of Muzaffar who died resisting the Mongol army, seems to have been famous in that period. The DD's main part also ended with Muzaffar's declaration of martyrdom for the protection of Islam. We may conclude that the DD's fictional descriptions of the history of Shabankara before the Mongol invasion, in fact reflect the ideological thoughts of the rulers of Shabankara under Mongol rule, namely their insistence on their legitimacy against the tradition of the Turkish rulers in southern Iran, their recognition and obedience to the rule of the Ilkhanids as the powerful king from Turan, and their desire for the resurrection of the rule of the Iranian kings, namely the rise of the muluk-i Shabankara'-i jadid.
上智大学の論文

Daftar-i Dilgushaに見えるシャバーンカーラ史の叙述 : モンゴル時代史研究における韻文史書利用の可能性(<特集>イラン世界とその周辺地域-その形成と展開)

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