ポリュボス『人間本性論』におけるエンペドクレスの影響 : 前5世紀ギリシアの医学思想と同時代の自然哲学についての一考察
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The Hippocratic treatise De Natura Hominis (On the Nature of Man) has been very influential in the history of western medical thought from antiquity, because it argues the theory of four humors as the essential constituents of human body. There has been a traditional view on the theory among scholars that the author Polybos referred to Empedocles' philosophical doctrine of four elements as a model in the formation of the humoral physiology of his own. However, the theory of four humors, as compared with the doctrine of four elements, turns out to be different on the following points. 1) The four elements are introduced as substantial entities, which always remain self-identical, whereas the four humors change into one another, according to the degree of the four elemental qualities (Hot and Cold, Humid and Dry), which constitute their own nature. 2) In the Empedoclean doctrine, human nature comes into being emergently from the four elements, when they come together, or when they separate out of their primordial lump. In NH, the generation process seems to be dependent on human nature, which exists as the determinant of the conditions under which the generation can take place. 3) The Empedoclean cosmic cycle functions as a structural framework, within which the generation takes place. The cosmic system in NH has its own purpose of giving a causal explanation about how the four humors increase and decrease reciprocally in the human body, according to the alternation of the four seasons. These results will make us suppose that the philosophical influences of Empedocles on the theory of four humors remained within a very limited scope, although there are traces in some phrases and sentences as well as forms of argumentation in NH, which may be judged to be reflection of the Empedoclean philosophical poems.
- 日本科学史学会の論文
- 2006-03-28
著者
関連論文
- ヒポクラテス『伝統医学論』第20章における反哲学的人間観 : 前5世紀ギリシアの医学思想における人間理解をめぐって
- ヒポクラテスの医療思想--『エピデミアイ』第1巻第11章の論述を手がかりに
- [論文]医学から「心身」の科学へ : ヒポクラテス『神聖病論』第14-17節の解釈を中心に
- 『エピデミアイ』とヒポクラテス医学派 - 古代ギリシア医学論考 -
- 古代ギリシア医学とその思想史的展開 - ヒポクラテス『古来の医術(De Vetere Medicina)』 における「哲学論(フィロソフィアー)」批判をめぐって -
- 内山勝利・木原志乃・國方栄二・三浦要・丸橋裕訳, G.S.カーク・J.E.レイヴン・M.スコフィールド編著, 『ソクラテス以前の哲学者たち』, 京都大学学術出版会, 2006年11月, 630ページ, ISBN4-87698-688-6, 定価5,700円(税別)
- ギリシアの医学思想における「パンゲネシス」の系譜
- ポリュボス『人間本性論』におけるエンペドクレスの影響 : 前5世紀ギリシアの医学思想と同時代の自然哲学についての一考察
- 「自然」(フュシス)と身体 : ポリュボス『人間本性論』における医学的「自然」観
- ギリシア医学と技術(1)
- 「ノモス」と「フユシス」 : 古代ギリシア医学思想における「人間」観の一局面(第47回大会研究発表論文)
- 「技術者」とロゴス : 「古代ギリシア技術」論考
- Elizabeth M. Craik, Hippocrates : Places in Man, Greek Text and Translation with Introduction and Commentary., Pp.xxiii+259, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1998.
- ガレノスと古代ギリシア・ローマ医学史研究の現在 : ガレノス『解剖学論集』の刊行によせて