周学熙と農工銀行 : 民国初期の実業振興と財政政策(近代中国の経済と社会,共同研究)

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概要

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• China's first Agricultural and Industrial Bank was established in Tong-xian near Beijing in November 1915. As the name implies, the aim of this bank was to develop agricultural and industrial production in village areas, through loans of funds to farmers. This was one of the measures adopted by Zhou Xue-xi, the then Minister of Finance, in order to overcome the nation's fiscal crisis. This report deals with the Agricultural and Industrial Bank, as a means of examining Chinese society and economy during the early Republican period, and to consider how this national demand for the wealth and strength of the nation was realized in various areas. In other words, I shall attempt to throw light on several points: what the fiscal policy was in the early Republican period, in what way it was actually realized, what its aims were and to what extent these were fulfilled, as well as the implications of the policy. Zhou Xue-xi assumed office as the Minister of Finance twice in the periods from July 1912 to May 1913, and from March 1915 to April 1916. These periods fall exactly in the Yuan Shi-kai regime during which many Finance Ministers came and went. Zhou Xue-xi, however, assumed the post for a relatively long time, and his fiscal policy is fairly representative, which is why I shall fist deal with Zhou Xue-xi's fiscal policy. The document entitled "Political View of Fiscal Policy" written in 1912 clearly reveals Zhou Xue-xi's fiscal policy. In the report, he advocates "vitalizing financing on a nationwide scale, and achieving industrial recovery and realizing its wealth" as a method of recovering from the fiscal crisis. "The first thing that should be done to achieve this," he claims, "is to cultivate the tax sources." Since taxation on agricultural land was still very significant at that time, the first step was to strengthen the tax-bearing capacity of the farmers who bore the tax burden. The concept of the Agricultural and Industrial Bank is based on this idea, and was actualized on a trial basis in two areas (Tong-xian and Changping-xian) in 1915. Secondly, I shall turn to the Tong-xian Agricultural and Industrial Bank to examine how it operated. From what we know, at the time of establishment, the bank had three aims: (1) to get hold of the farmers and land through registration; (2) to enhance agricultural production in the area by financing; (3) to strengthen taxation on agricultural land through the above two aims. A look at subsequent events shows that the first aim was achieved by the bank gaining surety on their loans, and the surety had to be registered real estate. The second aim was achieved by the bank limiting financing to production activities such as fertilizers, stock raising, agricultural tools, seed cotton, and irrigation or land development. This particularly contributed to the development of cotton production in Tong-xian. As for the third aim, the amount of taxation on agricultural land in Tong-xian increased significantly after the establishment of the bank. So one conclusion would be that the Agricultural and Industrial Bank in Tong-xian achieved its original aims by making full use of its functions. However, grasping farmers and land and levying heavy taxes on agricultural land was largely for the national fiscal economy. Furthermore, the cotton produced there was for the Hua-xin Cotton Mill Company established by Zhou Xue-xi. So in the light of that, we have to say that the ones that enjoyed the benefits of the bank loans, or that were the targets of such benefits were not the villages and farmers of this area but othes. The true significance of the Agricultural and Industrial Bank was that in the end, it strengthened the taxation for the nation and the cotton production for the Hua-xin Cotton Mill Company.

• 日本大学の論文
• 1987-03-20

著者

• 浜口 允子

  放送大学

関連論文

• 馬千里日記考(2)
• 中国における「国営」と「民営」 : 20世紀中葉,国民政府下の経済構想(転換期の中国経済と社会の変貌,総合研究)
• 中国における「国営」と「民営」--20世紀中葉,国民政府下の経済構想 (総合研究 転換期の中国経済と社会の変貌)
• 建国期中国農村における国家意思の浸透
• 中国・北洋政府時期における企業活動と「公司条例」
• 天津華新紡織公司の設立について : 北洋政府時期における民族産業の形成過程
• 周学熙と農工銀行 : 民国初期の実業振興と財政政策(近代中国の経済と社会,共同研究)
• 世界史と時代意識(面接授業担当講師と学生との往復書簡,面接授業と学習指導)
• 日中戦争期,華北政権下の統治動向と基層社会 : 『中国農村慣行調査』再読

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