ヒポクラテスの箴言「人生は短く,術のみちは長い」とゲーテの『ファウスト』について : 感嘆詞と感嘆符の計量言語学的検討

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I used quantitative linguistic methods to analyze number, single or plural use in a line, and location of exclamations and exclamation marks (!) in Goethe's Faust and in his first manuscript of Faust, called Urfaust. Exclamations in Faust, occurring in 190 of 12,233 lines (2%), were present 130 of 4,735 lines (3%) in the Tragedy Part I, and 60 of 7,498 lines (1%) in Part II, being significantly more frequent in Part I than Part II (chi-squared test, p<0.01). Exclamation marks in Faust, present in 1,764 lines (14%), were 925 (20%) in Part I, and 839 (11%) in Part II (p<0.01). Multiple occurrences of the exclamation mark present 205 lines (2%) in Faust, were present 130 (3%) in Part I and 91 (1%) in Part II (p<0.01). Goethe used many exclamations and exclamation marks with various singular or plural dictions either early or late in a line, possibly to convey important nuances. When he revised Urfaust into Faust, he generally tended to add many exclamation marks early in lines, while eliminating them at the end of a line. Hippocrates' aphorism "Life is short, the Art long" initially was quoted by Goethe in Urfaust in a line for the character Wagner as "Ach Gott, die Kunst ist lang/Und kurz ist unser Leben!". Thus, Goethe added the exclamation "Ach Gott", the conjunction "Und", and an exclamation mark at the end of the line, also reversing the order of "lifeand art" compared with phrasing's Hippocrates' aphorism. Mephistopheles' line in the Faust, however, was "Die Zeit ist kurz, die Kunst ist lang", retaining the same sequence if not the precise wording as that of Hippocrates' aphorism while not adding a final exclamation mark. In Urfaust, apparently to make Wagner stress the art over life, Goethe changed the sequence of these words from that in the Hippocrates' aphorism and added the exclamation mark at the end of the line. When he revised Urfaust into Faust, he added the exclamation mark to follow "Ach Gott!" and omitted it at the end of the line, presumably to avoid redundancy. The exclamation mark consequently was translocated from the end to early in a line. Thus, the aphorism came to be quoted as "Ach Gott! die Kunst ist lang/Und kurz ist unser Leben" in Faust.
2006-03-31

著者

斉藤博
埼玉医科大学総合医療センター泌尿器科:(現)友愛クリニック

ヒポクラテスの箴言「人生は短く,術のみちは長い」とゲーテの『ファウスト』について : 感嘆詞と感嘆符の計量言語学的検討

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