The Relationship between Self-Aggrandizement and Self-Esteem in Japanese and American University Students
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概要
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Better than average self-evaluations co-occur with and are generally accepted as evidence of high self-esteem in North Americans, and this pattern has been viewed as universal. But studies in Japan have consistently failed to find high self-esteem and self-aggrandizement, leading some to question whether the tendency to self-aggrandize in the service of self-esteem is indeed universal. Seventy-two Japanese and 110 American college students assessed themselves in terms of overall competence relative to same-sex peers, and their self-feelings (positive, negative, or mixed), and also completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. In both groups, evaluations of the self as better than average were associated with positive self-feelings and higher self-esteem, and evaluations of the self as worse than average were associated with negative self-feelings and lower self-esteem. However, the two groups differed in how they felt about being just average. In absolute terms, the Americans, but not the Japanese, felt bad about themselves and had lower self-esteem when they viewed themselves as average. In both groups however, "average" students felt worse about themselves and had lower selfesteem than above average students. The American participants in general described themselves in highly positive terms, while the Japanese participants described themselves in balanced terms.
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